In recent years, virtualization is one of the key technologies of next-generation data centers. However, the problem of virtualization technology is that each instance needs to run a client operating system and a lot of applications. Therefore, it might generate a heavy load and affect the system efficiency and performance. In this work, the performance evaluation of three environments (bare-metal, Docker containers, and virtual machines) is investigated to understand the differences between the characteristics of each environment. Also, we addressed whether container-based virtualization can solve the problems of traditional virtualization. In addition, we combined Docker with OpenStack to implement a container management platform. Finally, we took Hadoop deployment as an example to verify whether Docker can solve the deployment problem and save time.

近年来，虚拟化是下一代数据中心的关键技术之一。但是，虚拟化技术的问题在于，每个实例都需要运行一个客户端操作系统和大量的应用程序。因此，它可能会产生沉重的负载并影响系统效率和性能。在这项工作中，研究了三种环境（裸机、Docker 容器和虚拟机）的性能评估，以了解每种环境的特征之间的差异。此外，我们还讨论了基于容器的虚拟化是否可以解决传统虚拟化的问题。此外，我们将Docker和OpenStack结合起来，实现了一个容器管理平台。最后，