A robust numerical model, which can simulate the coupled air flow and heat transfer processes in long tunnels, is essentially required to design and operate the mechanical ventilation system in long tunnels surrounded by high temperature rocks. Due to the extreme scale disparity between tunnel diameter and length (~m vs. ~km), very fine mesh is required to accurately represent the highly-dynamic surrounding rocks near the tunnel, and thus the conventional numerical method is usually time consuming. To improve the computational efficiency without losing accuracy, a simplified one-dimensional tunnel model considering heat convection and conduction along tunnel axis and heat transfer between air in the tunnel and the surrounding rocks in the radial direction is proposed. A laboratory test of a high temperature tunnel with longitudinal ventilation is used to examine the reasonability and efficiency of the proposed modeling method. The good agreement between numerical and experimental results demonstrates that the developed ventilation modeling method is a robust simulation tool for design and management of mechanical ventilation system in a long tunnel. The effects of mechanical ventilation parameters and insulation layer thickness on the temperatures of air in the tunnel and surrounding rocks around the tunnel are investigated based on a case study of the planned Zheduo mountain tunnel, China.

在被高温岩石包围的长隧道中设计和运行机械通风系统基本上需要一个强大的数值模型，它可以模拟长隧道中的耦合空气流动和传热过程。由于隧道直径和长度（~m vs. ~km）之间的极端尺度差异，需要非常精细的网格来准确表示隧道附近的高动态围岩，因此传统的数值方法通常很耗时。为了在不损失精度的情况下提高计算效率，提出了一种考虑沿隧道轴线的热对流和传导以及隧道内空气与围岩径向传热的简化一维隧道模型。通过对纵向通风高温隧道的室内试验来检验所提出的建模方法的合理性和有效性。数值和实验结果之间的良好一致性表明，所开发的通风建模方法是长隧道机械通风系统设计和管理的强大模拟工具。以拟建的浙多山隧道为例，研究了机械通风参数和保温层厚度对隧道内空气温度和隧道周围围岩温度的影响。数值和实验结果之间的良好一致性表明，所开发的通风建模方法是长隧道机械通风系统设计和管理的强大模拟工具。以拟建的浙多山隧道为例，研究了机械通风参数和保温层厚度对隧道内空气温度和隧道周围围岩温度的影响。数值和实验结果之间的良好一致性表明，所开发的通风建模方法是长隧道机械通风系统设计和管理的强大模拟工具。以拟建的浙多山隧道为例，研究了机械通风参数和保温层厚度对隧道内空气温度和隧道周围围岩温度的影响。