Graphitic hollow porous carbon spheres (GHPCSs) have the advantages of a unique cavity structure, high surface area and excellent conductivity, and are promising electrode materials for energy storage. A Fe–tannic acid (TA) framework synthesized using TA as the carbon source and K₃[Fe(C₂O₄)₃] as a complexing agent, was self-assembled onto a melamine foam, which was converted to GHPCSs by carbonization, where the K₃[Fe(C₂O₄) ₃] also acts as an activating-graphitizing agent. The outer shell of the as-prepared GHPCSs has a large specific surface area, a micropore-dominated structure and excellent electrical conductivity, which ensure a large enough active surface area for charge accumulation and fast ion/electron transport in the partially graphitized carbon framework and pores. The optimum GHPCS has a high capacitance of 332.7 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹. An assembled symmetric supercapacitor has a high energy density of 23.7 Wh kg⁻¹ at 459.1 W kg⁻¹ in 1 mol L^-1 Na₂SO₄. In addition, the device has long-term cycling stability with a 92.1% retention rate after 10,000 cycles. This study not only provides an economic and time-saving approach for constructing GHPCSs by a self-assembly method, but also optimizes ion/electron transport in the carbon spheres to give them excellent performance in capacitive energy storage.

石墨中空多孔碳球（GHPCSs）具有独特的空腔结构、高表面积和优异的导电性等优点，是很有前景的储能电极材料。以 TA 为碳源、K ₃ [Fe(C ₂ O ₄ ) ₃ ] 为络合剂合成的 Fe-单宁酸 (TA) 骨架自组装到三聚氰胺泡沫上，通过碳化将其转化为 GHPCSs , 其中 K ₃ [Fe(C ₂ O ₄ ) ₃] 也可作为活化石墨化剂。所制备的 GHPCSs 的外壳具有较大的比表面积、微孔主导结构和优异的导电性，确保了足够大的活性表面积以在部分石墨化的碳框架中进行电荷积累和快速离子/电子传输，毛孔。最佳GHPCS在1 A g ^{-1 时}具有332.7 F g ^-1的高电容。组装的对称超级电容器在 459.1 W kg ^-1 in 1 mol L ^-1 Na ₂ SO _{4 中}具有 23.7 Wh kg ^-1的高能量密度. 此外，该器件具有长期循环稳定性，10,000 次循环后保留率为 92.1%。该研究不仅为通过自组装方法构建 GHPCSs 提供了一种经济、省时的方法，而且还优化了碳球中的离子/电子传输，使其在电容储能方面具有优异的性能。