Members of the genus Fusarium and related genera are important components of many ecosystems worldwide and are responsible for many plant diseases. However, the structure of beech litter-inhabiting Fusarium communities and their potential role in reducing the natural regeneration of European beech are not well understood. To address this issue, we examined Fusarium communities in the litter of uneven-aged, old-growth beech-dominated forests in the Carpathians (Poland) and in the Alps (Austria), and in a managed beech stand (Poland). The fungi inhabiting beech litter were investigated using beechnuts and pine seedlings as bait. The pathogenicity of the most common species was investigated by inoculating beech germinants. Fusarium spp. were identified based on morphology and DNA sequence comparisons of RPB2 and TEF1-α genes, combined with phylogenetic analyses. Twelve fungal species were identified from 402 isolates, including nine known and three currently undescribed species. The isolates resided in three species complexes within the genus Fusarium. These were the F. oxysporum (one taxon), F. sambucinum (three taxa), and F. tricinctum (six taxa) species complexes. In addition, one isolate was assigned to the genus Neocosmospora, and one isolate could be placed within the genus Fusicolla. The most frequently isolated fungi from beechnuts and beech germinants were F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. sporotrichioides Sherb. and Fusarium sp. B. The structure and abundance of species within Fusarium communities varied by beech forest type. The species richness of Fusarium spp. was greatest in old-growth beech-dominated stands, while abundances of Fusarium spp. were higher in managed beech-dominated stands. Pathogenicity tests showed that all four Fusarium species isolated from beechnuts and beech germinants could cause germinants to rot beech, suggesting that these fungi may play a negative role in the natural beech regeneration.

中文翻译：

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居住在中欧山毛榉森林枯枝落叶中的镰刀菌群落的结构和丰富度

属的成员镰刀菌及相关属是全世界许多生态系统的重要组成部分，是许多植物病害。然而，山毛榉凋落物栖息的镰刀菌群落的结构及其在减少欧洲山毛榉自然再生方面的潜在作用尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们在喀尔巴阡山脉（波兰）和阿尔卑斯山（奥地利）以及一个管理的山毛榉林分（波兰）的不均匀老化、古老的山毛榉占主导地位的森林的枯枝落叶中检查了镰刀菌群落。以山毛榉和松树幼苗为诱饵，研究了栖息在山毛榉凋落物中的真菌。通过接种山毛榉萌发剂研究了最常见物种的致病性。镰刀菌属 基于RPB2和TEF1-α基因的形态学和 DNA 序列比较，结合系统发育分析来鉴定。从 402 种分离物中鉴定出 12 种真菌，包括 9 种已知和 3 种目前未描述的物种。分离株存在于镰刀菌属内的三个物种复合体中。这些是F. oxysporum（一种分类群）、F. sambucinum（三种分类群）和F.tricinctum（六种分类群）物种复合体。此外，一种分离物被归入 Neocosmospora属，一种分离物可归入Fusicolla属. 从山毛榉和山毛榉萌发物中最常分离的真菌是F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. sporotrichioides Sherb。和镰刀菌。B.镰刀菌群落内物种的结构和丰度因山毛榉森林类型而异。镰刀菌属物种丰富度。在古老的山毛榉占主导地位的林分中最大，而镰刀菌属的丰富。在管理的山毛榉占主导地位的林分中更高。致病性试验表明，从山毛榉和山毛榉发芽物中分离的所有四种镰刀菌均可导致发芽物腐烂山毛榉，表明这些真菌可能对山毛榉的自然再生起到负面作用。