Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m²) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.

中文翻译：

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蚯蚓丰度的变化取决于斯洛文尼亚葡萄园的土壤管理实践

蚯蚓是葡萄园土壤质量和健康的关键指标，但考虑到不同土壤管理系统的研究很少，特别是在斯洛文尼亚葡萄栽培区。在这项调查中，评估了不同土壤管理实践的影响，例如永久性绿化覆盖、行间和行间区域使用除草剂、秸秆覆盖和浅层土壤耕作与草地控制相比对蚯蚓丰度的影响。蚯蚓的生物量和丰度（m ²) 和在各种土壤层中的分布被量化了三年。对 2014 年 5 月 22 日至 2016 年 10 月 5 日的七个不同采样日期以及 0 至 60 厘米深度的土壤剖面进行了监测和调查。我们的结果表明，所有采样周期中蚯蚓的最低平均丰度和生物量沿着除草剂条带（行内）记录。在秸秆覆盖和永久绿化处理中发现的丰度最高（高于对照）。在全行间区施用除草剂的地块上，蚯蚓群落丰度从监测期开始到结束均呈下降趋势。相比之下，浅耕显示了类似的蚯蚓丰度下降趋势，这可能表明土壤生物多样性状况恶化。我们得出的结论是，不同的土壤管理做法极大地影响了土壤的环境条件（温度和湿度），特别是在上层土层（最深 15 厘米），这会影响蚯蚓群落的丰度。我们的结果表明，这些做法需要适应气候和天气条件以及人类影响。