Effectiveness of various emotion regulation (ER) strategies have received much attention in recent research. Among the most studied ER strategies are cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. However, the evidence of their effectiveness is controversial and depends on the measures used. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies of ER via different measures such as self-report, facial expressions (zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii electromyography), and physiological assessment (skin conductance response and heart rate deceleration). Participants were presented with intensely unpleasant or neutral pictures and performed ER tasks. We expected that the implementation of ER strategies would reduce negative emotions, and cognitive reappraisal would produce greater reduction in negative emotions compared to expressive suppression. Self-report data showed that reappraisal had a greater effect on the reduction of negative emotions compared to suppression. There was no difference between reappraisal and suppression assessed with skin conductance response and electromyography. Curiously, heart rate deceleration increased while participants tried to suppress their emotional expressions, which could reflect efforts exerted in the attempt to suppress. The ER strategies reduced negative emotions during the presentation of unpleasant pictures partially in skin conductance response and heart rate deceleration. Overall, reappraisal is more effective in changing subjective experience, whereas the physiological reactions do not differ substantially between the two ER strategies explored. We therefore recommend that the assessment of ER strategies in the laboratory should accommodate more than one type of measures to come to more reliable conclusions.

各种情绪调节 (ER) 策略的有效性在最近的研究中受到了很多关注。研究最多的 ER 策略是认知重新评估和表达抑制。然而，其有效性的证据是有争议的，取决于所使用的措施。本研究的目的是通过自我报告、面部表情（颧大肌和皱眉肌肌电图）和生理评估（皮肤电导反应和心率）等不同措施来比较 ER 的认知重新评估和表达抑制策略的有效性。减速）。参与者会看到非常不愉快或中性的图片，并执行 ER 任务。我们预计 ER 策略的实施将减少负面情绪，与表达抑制相比，认知重新评估会更大程度地减少负面情绪。自我报告数据显示，与抑制相比，重新评估对减少负面情绪的影响更大。通过皮肤电导反应和肌电图评估的重新评估和抑制之间没有差异。奇怪的是，当参与者试图抑制他们的情绪表达时，心率减慢会增加，这可能反映了试图抑制的努力。ER 策略在呈现令人不快的图片期间减少了负面情绪，部分表现为皮肤电导反应和心率减速。总体而言，重新评估在改变主观体验方面更有效，而所探索的两种 ER 策略之间的生理反应没有显着差异。因此，我们建议实验室内 ER 策略的评估应包含不止一种类型的措施，以得出更可靠的结论。