Essential oils and isolated essential oil compounds are known to exert various pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and wound healing effects. Based on selected articles, this review deals with the potential antiviral and virucidal activities of essential oils and essential oil compounds together with their mechanism of action as well as in silico studies involving viral and host cell-specific target molecules that are indispensable for virus cell adsorption, penetration, and replication. The reported in vitro and in vivo studies highlight the baseline data about the latest findings of essential oils and essential oil compounds antiviral and virucidal effects on enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, taking into account available biochemical and molecular biological tests. The results of many in vitro studies revealed that several essential oils and essential oil compounds from different medicinal and aromatic plants are potent antiviral and virucidal agents that inhibit viral progeny by blocking different steps of the viral infection/replication cycle of DNA and RNA viruses in various host cell lines. Studies in mice infected with viruses causing respiratory diseases showed that different essential oils and essential oil compounds were able to prolong the life of infected animals, reduce virus titers in brain and lung tissues, and significantly inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, some in vitro studies on hydrophilic nano-delivery systems encapsulating essential oils/essential oil compounds exhibited a promising way to improve the chemical stability and enhance the water solubility, bioavailabilty, and antiviral efficacy of essential oils and essential oil compounds.

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精油和分离化合物的抗病毒和杀病毒特性——一种科学方法

已知精油和分离的精油化合物具有多种药理作用，例如抗菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗免疫调节、抗氧化和伤口愈合作用。根据选定的文章，这篇综述讨论了精油和精油化合物的潜在抗病毒和杀病毒活性及其作用机制，以及涉及病毒和宿主细胞特异性靶分子的计算机研究，这些靶分子对于病毒细胞吸附是必不可少的、渗透和复制。报告的体外和体内研究突出了有关精油和精油化合物对包膜和非包膜病毒的抗病毒和杀病毒作用的最新发现的基线数据，考虑到可用的生化和分子生物学测试。许多体外研究的结果表明，来自不同药用和芳香植物的几种精油和精油化合物是有效的抗病毒和杀病毒剂，它们通过阻断病毒感染/复制周期的不同步骤来抑制病毒后代宿主细胞系。对感染引起呼吸道疾病的病毒的小鼠进行的研究表明，不同的精油和精油化合物能够延长受感染动物的寿命，降低脑和肺组织中的病毒滴度，并显着抑制促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的合成。此外，