Nitrogen doping of carbon materials can enhance the electrical conductivity, surface wettability, and introduce pseudocapacitance to improve the performance of supercapacitors. We propose a cost-effective and eco-friendly one-pot strategy to prepare high nitrogen-containing carbon aerogels from biomass, with soybean protein isolate as a nitrogen source, sodium lignin sulfonate as a carbon source, and carrageenan with thermal reversible gel properties as a gel skeleton. The surface morphology and porous structure of the carbon aerogel are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption, which indicates the macro-, meso-, and microporous structure (hierarchical porous structure) of carbon aerogel. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy are used to analyze the functional groups and degree of graphitization of the material with a nitrogen content of 6.18 at.% from pyrrole, pyridine and graphite nitrogen. The specific capacitance of the carbon aerogel is up to 231.75 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, and the capacitance retention reaches 85.7 % after 5000 cycles. This work provides a novel strategy to prepare high nitrogen-containing carbon aerogels from biomass for high-performance supercapacitors with the concept of utilizing renewable biomass efficiently and sustainably.

碳材料的氮掺杂可以增强导电性、表面润湿性，并引入赝电容以改善超级电容器的性能。我们提出了一种经济高效且环保的单锅策略，以大豆分离蛋白为氮源，木质素磺酸钠为碳源，以及具有热可逆凝胶特性的角叉菜胶，从生物质中制备高含氮碳气凝胶。凝胶骨架。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和氮吸附-解吸分析了碳气凝胶的表面形貌和多孔结构，这表明碳气凝胶的大孔、中孔和微孔结构（分层多孔结构）。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、和拉曼光谱用于分析来自吡咯、吡啶和石墨氮的氮含量为6.18at.%的材料的官能团和石墨化程度。在0.5 A/g的电流密度下，碳气凝胶的比电容高达231.75 F/g，5000次循环后电容保持率达到85.7%。这项工作提供了一种从生物质制备高含氮碳气凝胶用于高性能超级电容器的新策略，其概念是有效和可持续地利用可再生生物质。5000次循环后电容保持率达到85.7%。这项工作提供了一种从生物质制备高含氮碳气凝胶用于高性能超级电容器的新策略，其概念是有效和可持续地利用可再生生物质。5000次循环后电容保持率达到85.7%。这项工作提供了一种从生物质制备高含氮碳气凝胶用于高性能超级电容器的新策略，其概念是有效和可持续地利用可再生生物质。