We study the effects of the Open Skies Agreement (OSA) of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This treaty was meant to promote competition among member-state carriers, leading to an increase in the volume of passengers. In this study, we estimate the impact of the OSA on the number of international air passengers and on the number of operating airlines; moreover, we disaggregate these effects into effects on low-cost carriers (LCCs) and full-service carriers (FSCs). Using data from the Official Airline Guide, we estimate the impact of the OSA by three methods: fixed effects, difference-in-differences with propensity score matching, and distance matching. Our results show that OSA has boosted the recent surge of all LCCs and FSCs to and from the ASEAN region. However, the OSA has decreased the number of FSC flights within the region, with a resulting negative net effect on the number of airlines.

我们研究了东南亚国家联盟 (ASEAN) 的开放天空协议 (OSA) 的影响。该条约旨在促进成员国航空公司之间的竞争，从而增加乘客量。在这项研究中，我们估计了 OSA 对国际航空旅客数量和运营航空公司数量的影响；此外，我们将这些影响分解为对低成本航空公司 (LCC) 和全方位服务航空公司 (FSC) 的影响。使用来自官方航空公司指南的数据，我们通过三种方法估计 OSA 的影响：固定效应、倾向得分匹配的差异中的差异和距离匹配。我们的结果表明，OSA 推动了近期所有 LCC 和 FSC 往返东盟地区的激增。然而，OSA 减少了该地区内的 FSC 航班数量，