Inappropriate decisions are often regarded as causes of major accidents in the process industries. To improve the quality of decisions, it is important to make the right information available at the right time. The objective of this work is to investigate what types of risk information is needed for risk-related decisions in various decision-making processes. A framework is proposed to facilitate future research for easing information deficiency. In this paper, risk information is examined through common decision-making processes, and is identified serving to 1) detect and characterize risk-related decision problems, 2) indicate the severity and urgency of decisions, 3) state requirements and constraints of workable solutions, 4) represent attributes for comparing and evaluating solutions, and 5) act as rules to maintain safety or control risk. These usages of risk information in different decision problems imply the large diversity in information needs for decision-making. An adaptive information support is thus suggested to provide targeted risk information to specific decision-makers for effective and efficient decision-making in accident prevention in the process industries.

不恰当的决策通常被认为是过程工业中发生重大事故的原因。为了提高决策质量，在正确的时间提供正确的信息非常重要。这项工作的目的是调查各种决策过程中与风险相关的决策需要哪些类型的风险信息。提出了一个框架，以促进未来缓解信息缺乏的研究。在本文中，风险信息通过常见的决策过程进行检查，并被识别用于 1) 检测和描述与风险相关的决策问题，2) 表明决策的严重性和紧迫性，3) 说明可行解决方案的要求和约束, 4) 代表用于比较和评估解决方案的属性，以及 5) 作为维持安全或控制风险的规则。这些风险信息在不同决策问题中的使用意味着决策制定的信息需求存在很大差异。因此，建议采用适应性信息支持向特定决策者提供有针对性的风险信息，以便在过程工业事故预防方面做出有效和高效的决策。