Volcanic eruptions modify environments physically and chemically with serious consequences for the biota. In this review, we analysed 80 papers reporting the effects of volcanic eruptions in freshwater environments and on freshwater organisms. An increase in water turbidity is the most common reported physical effect while increases in concentrations of inorganic elements, many representing nutrients for primary producers, are the most common chemical effects. Bacterial growth is usually stimulated, while autotrophs can be either positively or negatively affected depending on the type of impact. A persistent effect reported in the biota is changes to the assemblage, which could generate further changes in terms of ecosystem functions. This analysis also identifies some information gaps, particularly involving the effects of eruptions on heterotrophic biofilms in streams and on invertebrates and fish in lakes. Most studies were carried out soon after the volcanic eruption, so it is difficult to assess the recovery of the ecosystems. Eruptions present unique opportunities for scientific discovery, although such studies are often hindered by a lack of pre-eruption data, which would allow for a more comprehensive assessment of the effects.

中文翻译：

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火山喷发对淡水环境和生物体早期恢复的影响

火山喷发会在物理和化学上改变环境，对生物群造成严重后果。在这篇综述中，我们分析了 80 篇报道火山喷发对淡水环境和淡水生物的影响的论文。水浊度的增加是最常见的物理效应，而无机元素浓度的增加（许多代表初级生产者的营养物质）是最常见的化学效应。通常会刺激细菌生长，而自养生物可能受到正面或负面影响，具体取决于影响的类型。生物群中报告的持续影响是组合的变化，这可能会在生态系统功能方面产生进一步的变化。该分析还确定了一些信息空白，特别涉及火山喷发对溪流中异养生物膜以及湖泊中无脊椎动物和鱼类的影响。大多数研究是在火山喷发后不久进行的，因此很难评估生态系统的恢复情况。喷发为科学发现提供了独特的机会，尽管此类研究经常因缺乏喷发前数据而受到阻碍，这将允许对影响进行更全面的评估。