This paper critiques deficit models of education, including popular educational movements such as grit and growth mind-set, and considers how they inform and underlie information literacy efforts, often without librarians’ awareness. After a discussion of the problems that deficit thinking poses for students and educators, the author offers two alternative approaches, critical information literacy and culturally sustaining pedagogy, with examples of how they can guide library instruction. This paper provides readers with an understanding of deficit models and what they look like in library instruction, and describes effective counterapproaches and specific examples to put alternative principles into practice.

中文翻译：

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勇气的问题：消除图书馆教学中的缺陷思维

本文批判了教育的赤字模式，包括流行的教育运动，如毅力和成长心态，并考虑它们如何为信息素养工作提供信息和基础，而图书馆员往往没有意识到这一点。在讨论了赤字思维给学生和教育工作者带来的问题之后，作者提供了两种替代方法，批判性信息素养和文化维持教学法，并举例说明了它们如何指导图书馆教学。本文让读者了解赤字模型及其在图书馆教学中的样子，并描述了将替代原则付诸实践的有效对策和具体示例。