The Large Treeshrew, Tupaia tana Raffles, 1821, is a small mammal (~205 g) from Southeast Asia with a complicated taxonomic history. Currently, 15 subspecies are recognized from Borneo, Sumatra, and smaller islands, and many were originally differentiated based on minor pelage differences and small sample sizes. We explored intraspecific variation in T. tana using quantitative osteological data obtained from the hands and skulls of museum specimens. Multivariate analyses reveal extensive overlap among T. tana populations in morphospace, indicating that the majority of currently recognized subspecies are not morphometrically distinct. In contrast, the separation between Bornean and Sumatran populations of T. tana is sufficient to recognize them as different subspecies. Comparisons of Bornean specimens to those on small, offshore islands reveal that the latter average smaller body size. This pattern is inconsistent with Foster’s island rule, which predicts that island populations of small mammals (< 5 kg) will average larger body size relative to mainland forms. A similar lack of support for ecogeographic rules has been noted in T. glis (Diard, 1820), suggesting that these “rules” are poor predictors of geographic variation in treeshrews.

中文翻译：

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东南亚大型树鼩 (Scandentia, Tupaiidae: Tupaia tana Raffles, 1821) 的生态地理变异和分类界限

大树鼩，Tupaia tana Raffles，1821 年，是一种来自东南亚的小型哺乳动物（约 205 克），具有复杂的分类历史。目前，从婆罗洲、苏门答腊和较小的岛屿中识别出 15 个亚种，其中许多亚种最初是根据细微的毛皮差异和小样本量进行区分的。我们使用从博物馆标本的手和头骨获得的定量骨学数据探索了 T. tana 的种内变异。多变量分析揭示了 T. tana 种群在形态空间中的广泛重叠，表明目前公认的大多数亚种在形态学上并不明显。相比之下，婆罗洲和苏门答腊 T. tana 种群之间的分离足以将它们识别为不同的亚种。婆罗洲标本与小型标本的比较，离岸岛屿显示，后者平均体型较小。这种模式与福斯特的岛屿规则不一致，该规则预测小型哺乳动物（小于 5 公斤）的岛屿种群将平均相对于大陆形式更大的体型。在 T. glis (Diard, 1820) 中也注意到了对生态地理规则的类似缺乏支持，这表明这些“规则”不能很好地预测树鼩的地理变异。