Fisheries are critically important for nutrition, food security, livelihoods, and culture of hundreds of millions of people globally. As climate impacts on ocean ecosystems increase, policy-makers are asking critical questions about how to implement reforms at local and national levels to reach goals around improving performance of management systems, sustainability, equity, and resilience to climate change. These goals can be achieved by enhancing the structure, function, and biodiversity of marine ecosystems as climate change proceeds, together with adaptive, sustainable management. However, resource, technical, and governance capacities vary widely across management systems. These capacities will determine, in part, the best policy approaches to build resilience and overcome systemic challenges to equity and sustainability to stressors such as climate change. To illuminate how fisheries resilience can be improved within the constraints imposed by these capacity limits, we present case studies from Myanmar, Belize, Peru, and Iceland, which offer a spectrum of capacity conditions to explore social–ecological resilience challenges and solutions. Using a set of nine social–ecological resilience criteria, we examine each system’s attributes that may confer or undermine resilience and explore interactions between them. We use this assessment to identify policy approaches that can help build resilience in each particular context.

中文翻译：

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确定在具有不同能力和背景的海洋渔业中建立社会生态复原力的政策方法

渔业对全球数亿人的营养、粮食安全、生计和文化至关重要。随着气候对海洋生态系统的影响增加，政策制定者正在提出关键问题，即如何在地方和国家层面实施改革，以实现围绕提高管理系统绩效、可持续性、公平性和应对气候变化的能力的目标。这些目标可以通过随着气候变化的进行而增强海洋生态系统的结构、功能和生物多样性，以及适应性、可持续管理来实现。然而，资源、技术和治理能力因管理系统而异。这些能力将部分地决定，建立复原力和克服气候变化等压力源对公平和可持续性的系统性挑战的最佳政策方法。为了阐明如何在这些能力限制所施加的约束下提高渔业复原力，我们展示了来自缅甸、伯利兹、秘鲁和冰岛的案例研究，这些案例研究提供了一系列能力条件，以探索社会-生态复原力挑战和解决方案。我们使用一组九个社会生态恢复力标准，检查每个系统可能赋予或破坏恢复力的属性，并探索它们之间的相互作用。我们使用此评估来确定有助于在每个特定情况下建立复原力的政策方法。我们展示了来自缅甸、伯利兹、秘鲁和冰岛的案例研究，这些案例研究提供了一系列能力条件来探索社会生态复原力挑战和解决方案。我们使用一组九个社会生态恢复力标准，检查每个系统可能赋予或破坏恢复力的属性，并探索它们之间的相互作用。我们使用此评估来确定有助于在每个特定情况下建立复原力的政策方法。我们展示了来自缅甸、伯利兹、秘鲁和冰岛的案例研究，这些案例研究提供了一系列能力条件来探索社会生态复原力挑战和解决方案。我们使用一组九个社会生态恢复力标准，检查每个系统可能赋予或破坏恢复力的属性，并探索它们之间的相互作用。我们使用此评估来确定有助于在每个特定情况下建立复原力的政策方法。