Abstract. Excessive use of phosphorus (P) in farmland soil and improper disposal of crop residues such as straws accelerate the consumption of P resources and cause a high level of air and water pollution, which are the main limiting factors for sustainable agricultural development. The most important alternative is the introduction of organic fertilizers to replace mineral P fertilizer. However, the type of organic fertilizers and management methods differ significantly. In this study, we used solution 31-P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and Hedley fractionation method to characterize the P compounds in the initial soil (in 2013; CK0), long-term unfertilized (CK) soil, and the soils treated with N+P+K mineral fertilizer (NPK), biochar in combination with NPK fertilizer (CNPK), and corn straw in combination with NPK fertilizer (SNPK). The results showed that adding biochar significantly increased the concentration of P. However, Olsen-P was found to be the highest (21.88 mg kg⁻¹) in SNPK. The concentration of Hedley-P was the highest (574.76 mg kg⁻¹) in CNPK. The inorganic P forms were significantly increased by adding biochar (up to 183.9 %). The concentration of orthophosphate is positively relative to Resin-P, NaHCO₃-inorganic P (Pi; organic P (Po)), NaOH-Po, and Residual-P, which are absorbed and utilized to plants and microorganisms. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) are potential sources of P. Compared to the direct application of straw, adding biochar increases the available P in the different soil and reduces environmental pollution.

中文翻译：

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生物炭和秸秆施用对磷可持续管理的影响

摘要。农田土壤磷（P）的过度利用和秸秆等农作物秸秆处理不当，加速了磷资源的消耗，造成大气和水污染严重，是农业可持续发展的主要限制因素。最重要的替代方法是引入有机肥料来代替矿物磷肥。但是，有机肥的种类和管理方法差异很大。在本研究中，我们使用溶液 31-P 核磁共振谱和 Hedley 分馏法对初始土壤（2013 年；CK0）、长期未施肥 (CK) 土壤和 N+ 处理的土壤中的 P 化合物进行了表征。 P+K 矿物肥料 (NPK)、生物炭与 NPK 肥料 (CNPK) 结合以及玉米秸秆与 NPK 肥料 (SNPK) 结合。⁻¹ ) 在 SNPK 中。CNPK中Hedley-P的浓度最高(574.76 mg kg ^-1 )。添加生物炭后，无机磷形式显着增加（高达 183.9%）。正磷酸盐的浓度与 Resin-P、NaHCO _{3 -}无机 P（Pi；有机 P (Po)）、NaOH-Po 和 Residual-P 呈正相关，它们被植物和微生物吸收和利用。一磷酸腺苷（AMP）和六磷酸肌醇（IHP）是磷的潜在来源。与秸秆直接施用相比，添加生物炭增加了不同土壤中的有效磷，减少了环境污染。