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Evaluating a new landform evolution model: A case study using a proposed mine rehabilitation landform
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-17 , DOI: 10.1002/esp.5175
W. D. Dimuth P. Welivitiya 1 , Garry R. Willgoose 1 , Greg R. Hancock 1
Affiliation  

Landform evolution models are powerful tools for determining long-term erosional stability and denudation rates spanning geological timescales. SIBERIA, CAESAR and CHILD are examples of these model. The newly developed State Space Soil Production and Assessment Model (SSSPAM) coupled soilscape-landform evolution model has the ability to assess overall erosion rates of catchment scale landforms either using short-term precipitation events, variable precipitation or time-averaged precipitation (annual average). In addition, SSSPAM has the capability of developing the subsurface soil profile through weathering and armouring. In SSSPAM, physical processes of pedogenesis such as erosion and armouring, diffusion, sediment deposition and weathering are modelled using a state space matrix approach. In this article we simulate the short-term evolution (100 years) of a proposed post-mining landform using both SIBERIA and SSSPAM and compare the erosion and sediment output results. For the short-term simulations SSSPAM's armouring capability was disabled. The models were then used to simulate the evolution of the catchment for 10,000 years. Results demonstrate that the short-term SSSPAM simulation results compare well with the results from the established landform evolution model SIBERIA. The long-term armouring disabled SSSPAM simulations produces simulated erosion rates comparable with SIBERIA simulations both of which are similar to upper limit of field measured denudation rates. The SSSPAM simulation using armouring demonstrated that armouring reduced the erosion rate of the catchment by a factor of 4 which is comparable with the lower limit of field measured denudation rates. This observation emphasizes the importance of armouring in long-term evolution of landforms. Soil profile cross-sections developed from the same results show that SSSPAM can also reproduce subsurface soil evolution and stratification and spatial variability of soil profile characteristics typically observed in the field.

中文翻译:

评估新的地貌演化模型:使用拟议矿山修复地貌的案例研究

地貌演化模型是确定跨越地质时间尺度的长期侵蚀稳定性和剥蚀率的有力工具。SIBERIA、CAESAR 和 CHILD 是这些模型的例子。新开发的状态空间土壤生产与评估模型(SSSPAM)耦合土壤景观-地貌演化模型能够使用短期降水事件、可变降水或时间平均降水(年平均)评估流域尺度地貌的整体侵蚀率. 此外,SSSPAM 还具有通过风化和装甲形成地下土壤剖面的能力。在 SSSPAM 中,土壤形成的物理过程,例如侵蚀和装甲、扩散、沉积物沉积和风化,使用状态空间矩阵方法进行建模。在本文中,我们使用 SIBERIA 和 SSSPAM 模拟了拟议的采矿后地貌的短期演变(100 年),并比较了侵蚀和沉积物输出结果。对于短期模拟,SSSPAM 的装甲能力被禁用。然后使用这些模型来模拟流域 10,000 年的演变。结果表明,短期 SSSPAM 模拟结果与建立的地貌演化模型 SIBERIA 的结果相当。长期装甲禁用 SSSPAM 模拟产生的模拟侵蚀率与 SIBERIA 模拟相当,两者都类似于现场测量的剥蚀率上限。使用装甲的 SSSPAM 模拟表明,装甲将流域的侵蚀率降低了 4 倍,这与现场测量的剥蚀率下限相当。这一观察结果强调了装甲在地貌长期演变中的重要性。根据相同结果开发的土壤剖面横截面表明,SSSPAM 还可以再现地下土壤演变和分层以及通常在现场观察到的土壤剖面特征的空间变异性。
更新日期:2021-06-17
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