Stress may have a negative effect on mental health and is the primary environmental risk factor in the aetiology of depression. Nevertheless, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this mood disorder remain poorly characterized. The hippocampus is a target structure of the adverse effects of stress, and hippocampal neurogenesis plays a crucial role. However, we do not know the mechanisms by which stress impacts neurogenesis. Recent studies indicate that changes in neuroinflammation, primarily via microglial cells, may play an essential role in this process. However, the relationship between stress, microglial changes, and alterations in neurogenesis and their involvement in the development of depression is poorly characterized. For this reason, this systematic review aims to synthesise and evaluate current studies that have investigated the relationship between these variables. Taken together, the revised data, although not entirely conclusive, seem to suggest that microglial changes induced by psychological stress regulate neurogenesis and in turn may be responsible for the development of depressive-like behaviours, but other factors that influence these stressful experiences should not be dismissed.

压力可能对心理健康产生负面影响，并且是抑郁症病因中的主要环境风险因素。然而，这种情绪障碍背后的神经生物学机制仍然缺乏表征。海马是应激不良反应的靶结构，海马神经发生起着至关重要的作用。然而，我们不知道压力影响神经发生的机制。最近的研究表明，神经炎症的变化，主要是通过小胶质细胞，可能在这个过程中发挥重要作用。然而，压力、小胶质细胞变化和神经发生改变及其参与抑郁症发展之间的关系尚不清楚。为此原因，本系统评价旨在综合和评估目前调查这些变量之间关系的研究。综上所述，修订后的数据虽然不完全是决定性的，但似乎表明心理压力引起的小胶质细胞变化调节神经发生，进而可能导致抑郁样行为的发展，但影响这些压力经历的其他因素不应该是被解雇。