Natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and other extreme weather events along with human sabotage attacks pose serious risks to critical infrastructures especially electrical energy systems. Hardening and operational actions are the measures to improve the resiliency of the power systems against extreme events. The long-term hardening actions strive to organize the reinforcement of power system infrastructures which accomplished at the pre-events stage. Besides, the short-term operational measures such as network reconfiguration and generation scheduling are applied to form the multiple microgrids aimed at increasing the flexibility of the power system to cope with the severe events. These measures are taken during and after the occurrence of the disasters. In this paper, an integrated framework has been proposed to increase the resiliency of distribution system. In the proposed framework, there are two models so called defender–attacker–defender which are made to find the best possible solution in order to reduce the load-shedding of the system during extreme events. In the first model, the hardening measures are examined at the first level to increase the robustness of the system. The worst scenarios with the highest load-shedding are calculated in the second level and subsequently reconfiguration is performed in the third level to decrease the load-shedding. In the second model, the first and second levels specify the best reinforcement plan and the worst attack scenario respectively, and in the third level, optimal distributed generation placement is accomplished to supply the demand during islanding mode of microgrids. The proposed models are organized as tri-level mixed integer optimization problem and column constraint generation algorithm is utilized to make them computationally obedient. At the end, we have implemented the suggested models on the well-known IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus systems to prove their effectiveness and applicability at improving the resiliency of the distribution systems.

地震、飓风和其他极端天气事件以及人为破坏袭击等自然灾害对关键基础设施尤其是电力系统构成严重风险。加固和运行操作是提高电力系统抵御极端事件能力的措施。长期强化行动力求组织在事前阶段完成的电力系统基础设施的加固。此外，通过网络重构和发电调度等短期运行措施，形成多个微电网，旨在提高电力系统应对严重事件的灵活性。这些措施是在灾害发生期间和之后采取的。在本文中，已经提出了一个综合框架来提高分配系统的弹性。在提议的框架中，有两种模型，称为防守者-进攻者-防守者旨在寻找最佳解决方案，以减少极端事件期间系统的减载。在第一个模型中，在第一级检查强化措施以提高系统的鲁棒性。在第二级计算具有最高减载的最坏情况，随后在第三级执行重新配置以减少减载。在第二个模型中，第一级和第二级分别指定了最佳加固方案和最坏攻击情景，在第三级中，优化分布式电源布局以供应微电网孤岛模式下的需求。所提出的模型被组织为三级混合整数优化问题，并利用列约束生成算法使它们在计算上服从。最后，我们在著名的 IEEE 33 总线和 69 总线系统上实施了建议的模型，以证明它们在提高配电系统弹性方面的有效性和适用性。