The Gobi Desert is a dominant source of dust on the Asian continent. In this study, we analysed the characteristics of a typical Mongolian dust storm and identified a prominent dust hotspot in the Gobi Desert. During a field survey from Ulaanbaatar (the capital of Mongolia) to Dalanzadgad in the Gobi Desert, we encountered a typical dust storm on 28 April 2019, exhibiting a distinct dust wall. The head of the dust storm crossed the road several kilometres ahead of our vehicle. The head of the storm had a height of 600 m, and its structure suggested that the dust storm was induced by a gravity current. We entered the front of the dust storm and measured a maximum wind speed of 18.2 m/s and a visibility of less than 20 m. The normalized dust number concentration at 7 μm was 59 cm⁻³. Moreover, Himawari-8 Dust RGB imagery showed that the dust storm occurred in an orographic convergence zone. This zone connects two valleys that are sandwiched between three mountains in the Gobi Desert: the Khangai, Altai, and Gurvan Saikhan Mountains. Our results suggest that this zone is a remarkable dust hotspot in the Gobi Desert.

戈壁沙漠是亚洲大陆的主要灰尘来源。在这项研究中，我们分析了一次典型的蒙古沙尘暴的特征，并确定了戈壁沙漠中一个突出的沙尘热点。在从乌兰巴托（蒙古国首都）到戈壁沙漠达兰扎德嘎德的实地考察中，我们在 2019 年 4 月 28 日遇到了典型的沙尘暴，呈现出明显的沙尘墙。沙尘暴的头颅在我们车前几公里处穿过马路。风暴的头部高度为600 m，其结构表明沙尘暴是由重力流引起的。我们进入沙尘暴前方，测得最大风速为18.2 m/s，能见度不到20 m。7 μm 处的归一化粉尘数浓度为 59 cm ^-3. 此外，Himawari-8 Dust RGB 图像显示沙尘暴发生在地形汇聚带。该区域连接了夹在戈壁沙漠三座山脉之间的两个山谷：Khangai、Altai 和 Gurvan Saikhan 山脉。我们的结果表明，该区域是戈壁沙漠中一个显着的尘埃热点。