Purpose

Contaminated food is a major source of illnesses around the world. This research seeks to learn how people assign responsibility for two food contamination risks and how they allocate costs to reduce these risks to four members of the food supply chain. The aims are to identify differences between countries and test options to control for cultural differences.

Design/methodology/approach

A random sample of online panellists from six countries (N = 6,090) was surveyed on how they assigned responsibility for controlling natural and accidental food contamination (traditional food safety) and for controlling intentional contamination (food defense) to farmers, transporters/distributors, retailer grocery stores/restaurants and consumers. They were also asked how they would allocate food safety and defense costs to the four groups. Differences between countries were tested with dummy variables and cultural measures.

Findings

In nearly every country, respondents assigned the least responsibility and allocated the smallest cost shares to consumers. In multivariate models, responsibility and cost-share results differed, suggesting that preferences varied by country and that respondents did not allocate costs the same way they assessed responsibility. The food safety and defense models also differed, implying that the respondents believed the two sources of contamination represented different risks.

Originality/value

This is the first study to examine how adults allocate the responsibility and costs for food safety and defense to farmers, transporters/distributors, retailer grocery stores/restaurants and consumers. Other research did not differentiate between these two food risks. This study also compared Hofstede's cultural measures with the recently developed Minkov's cultural measures.

中文翻译：

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对农民、运输商、零售商和消费者的食品安全和食品防护责任的感知

目的

受污染的食物是全世界疾病的主要来源。本研究旨在了解人们如何为两种食品污染风险分配责任，以及他们如何将成本分配给食品供应链的四个成员以降低这些风险。目的是确定国家之间的差异并测试选项以控制文化差异。

设计/方法/方法

对来自六个国家 ( N  = 6,090)的在线小组成员的随机样本进行了调查，了解他们如何将控制自然和意外食品污染（传统食品安全）以及控制故意污染（食品防护）的责任分配给农民、运输商/分销商、零售商杂货店/餐馆和消费者。他们还被问及如何将食品安全和国防成本分配给这四组。使用虚拟变量和文化措施测试了国家之间的差异。

发现

在几乎每个国家，受访者分配给消费者的责任最少，成本分担最少。在多变量模型中，责任和成本分摊的结果不同，这表明偏好因国家而异，而且受访者并没有按照他们评估责任的方式分配成本。食品安全和防御模型也不同，这意味着受访者认为这两种污染源代表不同的风险。

原创性/价值

这是第一项研究成年人如何将食品安全和防御的责任和成本分配给农民、运输商/分销商、零售商杂货店/餐馆和消费者的研究。其他研究没有区分这两种食物风险。本研究还比较了 Hofstede 的文化测量与最近开发的 Minkov 的文化测量。