Purpose

This study aims to optionally-piloted aircraft is useful for in-flight tests of new automatic controller’s concepts. The safety of this kind of experiment is an issue addressed in this paper. The prediction of possible safety-influencing factors makes it possible to assess the pilot’s ability to effectively prevent safety risks.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis in this research paper focusses on two cases of monitoring; similar control standards for both pilot in command and the monitoring pilot or technical systems in one of these tasks and dissimilar control standard when monitoring pilot is not familiar with a control manner of the pilot in command or of the automatic control system. The increased workload is expected in the last case as the result of additional activities determined theoretically in the presented analysis. Details of the possible threats are obtained by simulation tests with various factors influencing the safety of landing. In addition to determining threats, the analysis includes the possibility of in time threat detection and preserving action.

Findings

The results show that the safety pilot has a different task than the pilot in command and needs to be familiar with the general principles of automatic controller operations and the particular algorithm being tested. Although commonly used landing procedure is relatively error-tolerant, new landing procedures for use in some specific conditions need more precise control and additional safety pilot preparation. Additional information presented to both the pilot in command and the safety pilot may increase mode and state awareness and reduce reaction time in an emergency condition.

Practical implications

In-flight tests of non-standard control algorithms there is a need to include additional preparation of the equipment and safety pilot. The research in this paper illustrates how to determine threats and safety-critical moments during the experimental flight can be observed. The danger is mitigated by the safety pilot, if familiar with both proper and improper operations of the controller and how the pilot in command should detect and predict danger caused by the tested control system.

Originality/value

The presented method of analysis combines the human factor with various technical aspects. The results obtained illustrate the real tasks of the person supervising the operation of the automatic control system and the role of a human as a safety pilot.

中文翻译：

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可选驾驶飞机着陆的安全性分析

目的

这项研究旨在使可选驾驶的飞机对新自动控制器概念的飞行测试很有用。这种实验的安全性是本文要解决的问题。对可能的安全影响因素的预测使得评估飞行员有效防范安全风险的能力成为可能。

设计/方法/方法

本研究论文的分析集中在两种监测案例上；机长和监控飞行员或其中一项任务中的技术系统相似的控制标准，以及当监控飞行员不熟悉机长或自动控制系统的控制方式时的不同控制标准。在最后一种情况下，由于在所呈现的分析中理论上确定的额外活动，预计工作量会增加。通过对影响着陆安全的各种因素进行模拟测试，获得可能威胁的详细信息。除了确定威胁之外，分析还包括及时检测威胁和保留行动的可能性。

发现

结果表明，安全飞行员的任务与机长不同，需要熟悉自动控制器操作的一般原理和正在测试的特定算法。虽然常用的着陆程序相对容错，但在某些特定条件下使用的新着陆程序需要更精确的控制和额外的安全飞行员准备。提供给机长和安全飞行员的附加信息可以提高模式和状态意识并减少紧急情况下的反应时间。

实际影响

非标准控制算法的飞行测试需要包括设备和安全飞行员的额外准备。本文的研究说明了如何确定实验飞行过程中的威胁和安全关键时刻。如果熟悉控制器的正确和不正确操作以及机长应该如何检测和预测由测试的控制系统引起的危险，安全飞行员可以减轻危险。

原创性/价值

所提出的分析方法将人为因素与各种技术方面相结合。获得的结果说明了监督自动控制系统操作的人员的实际任务以及人类作为安全飞行员的作用。