We propose the non-uniformly polarized vortex (NUPV) beams with the changing retardation angle and the tunable angle between polarization and radial direction, in which the radially polarized vortex (RPV) beam is a particular case. Based on the paraxial vector theory, the analytical propagation expressions of NUPV beams in uniaxial crystals orthogonal to the optical axis are derived and used to investigate the evolutions of spin angular momentum (SAM) flux densities, polarization states, and the Stokes parameters. The results show a more complex behavior of SAM such as rotation, creation and disappearance in cyclical ways can be found in anisotropic media, which is different from a monotonous rotation of SAM for hybridly polarized beams without a vortex. Besides, it is worth mentioning that the SAM of the NUPV beams also presents the more complex evolution in isotropic media rather than stable Gaussian-like structures, which indicate the more flexible polarization behavior of NUPV beams. Then the influence of refractive index ratio n_e/n_o and topological charge number m on SAM is discussed. The results show the flexibility of polarization is strengthened by anisotropy or the embedded vortex. The polarization states and the Stokes parameters on the Poincaré spheres both verified the change in SAM. The presented work has potential values and broad prospects in polarization-sensitive sensing and detection.

我们提出了具有变化延迟角和偏振与径向之间可调角度的非均匀偏振涡旋 (NUPV) 光束，其中径向偏振涡旋 (RPV) 光束是一种特殊情况。基于近轴矢量理论，推导出了 NUPV 光束在与光轴正交的单轴晶体中的解析传播表达式，并用于研究自旋角动量 (SAM) 通量密度、偏振态和斯托克斯参数的演变。结果表明，在各向异性介质中可以发现 SAM 更复杂的行为，例如以循环方式旋转、产生和消失，这与 SAM 在没有涡旋的混合偏振光束中的单调旋转不同。除了，值得一提的是，NUPV 光束的 SAM 在各向同性介质中也呈现出更复杂的演化，而不是稳定的类高斯结构，这表明 NUPV 光束的偏振行为更灵活。那么折射率比的影响讨论了 SAM 上的n _e / n _o和拓扑电荷数m。结果表明，各向异性或嵌入涡流增强了极化的灵活性。庞加莱球上的极化状态和斯托克斯参数都验证了 SAM 的变化。所提出的工作在偏振敏感传感和检测方面具有潜在价值和广阔前景。