ABSTRACT

In 1996, Alberto Fujimori introduced the National Program for Reproductive Health and Family Planning 1996–2000, the first publicly funded family planning program in Peru’s history, under which at least 10,000 Indigenous women were forcibly sterilized. This program was aided by what I came to identify as the Reproductive and Sexual Rights (RSR) assemblage – a group of feminists working in reproductive and sexual rights in Peru. This was made possible by Fujimori’s co-optation of the reproductive rights discourse and the rise of neoliberal governmentality, which enlisted the expertise of non-state actors in projects of governance. Moreover, in their heartfelt desire to bring reproductive rights to Peru, the RSR did not appreciate Indigenous women’s inclusive exclusion from citizenship – their inclusion in the settler colonial nation as marginal members whose bodies could be instrumentalized for national projects. Through the National Program, Fujimori instrumentalized Indigenous women’s bodies to create statistics showing a reduction in poverty for international lenders. A similar reading of the RSR’s actions is possible. By downplaying the magnitude of the forced sterilizations in the late 1990s, the RSR unwittingly contributed to the violation of Indigenous women’s rights in the name of extending reproductive rights to ‘all Peruvian women.

摘要

1996 年，阿尔贝托·藤森 (Alberto Fujimori) 推出了 1996-2000 年国家生殖健康和计划生育计划，这是秘鲁历史上第一个由公共资助的计划生育计划，根据该计划，至少有 10,000 名土著妇女被强制绝育。这个项目得到了我后来认定为生殖和性权利 (RSR) 组合的帮助——一群在秘鲁从事生殖和性权利工作的女权主义者。藤森对生殖权利话语的吸收和新自由主义政府的兴起使这成为可能，新自由主义政府在治理项目中征集了非国家行为者的专业知识。此外，本着为秘鲁带来生殖权利的衷心愿望，RSR 不理解原住民妇女被广泛排斥在公民身份之外——她们作为边缘成员被纳入定居者殖民国，其身体可以被用于国家项目。通过国家计划，藤森利用土著妇女机构创建统计数据，显示国际贷款机构的贫困减少。对 RSR 行为的类似解读是可能的。通过淡化 1990 年代后期强制绝育的规模，RSR 以将生殖权利扩展到“所有秘鲁妇女”的名义，在不知不觉中助长了对土著妇女权利的侵犯。藤森利用土著妇女的身体来创建统计数据，显示国际贷款机构的贫困减少。对 RSR 行为的类似解读是可能的。通过淡化 1990 年代后期强制绝育的规模，RSR 以将生殖权利扩展到“所有秘鲁妇女”的名义，在不知不觉中助长了对土著妇女权利的侵犯。藤森利用土著妇女的身体来创建统计数据，显示国际贷款机构的贫困减少。对 RSR 行为的类似解读是可能的。通过淡化 1990 年代后期强制绝育的规模，RSR 以将生殖权利扩展到“所有秘鲁妇女”的名义，在不知不觉中助长了对土著妇女权利的侵犯。