ABSTRACT

1. Bone properties are adapted to their specific functions in the animal, so various types of bones develop different characteristics depending on their location in the skeleton.

2. The aim of this research was to compare the chemical composition, mineral characteristics and structural organisation in tibiotarsus, humerus and keel bones as representatives of hen skeletal mineralisation. Complementary analytical techniques, such as X-ray radiography, optical and electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and 2D X-ray diffraction, were used for characterisation.

3. The humerus had a thinner cortex and cortical bone mineral had higher crystallinity and a greater degree of crystal orientation than the tibiotarsus. The humerus generally lacks medullary bone although, when present, it has a higher mineral content than seen in the tibiotarsus. These differences were attributed to the different forces that stimulate bone formation and remodelling.

4. The keel cortical bone had a lower degree of mineralisation than the tibiotarsus or humerus. Its degree of mineralisation decreased from the cranial to the distal end of the bone. This gradient may affect keel mechanical properties, making it more prone to deformation and fractures.

5. Data from studying different bones in laying hens can help to understand mineralisation as well as finding solutions to prevent osteoporosis-related fractures.

摘要

1. 骨骼特性与其在动物中的特定功能相适应，因此各种类型的骨骼根据它们在骨骼中的位置而发展出不同的特性。

2. 本研究的目的是比较以母鸡骨骼矿化为代表的胫跗骨、肱骨和龙骨的化学成分、矿物特征和结构组织。补充分析技术，如 X 射线照相术、光学和电子显微镜、热重分析和 2D X 射线衍射，用于表征。

3.肱骨皮质较薄，皮质骨矿物质比胫跗骨具有更高的结晶度和更大的晶体取向度。肱骨通常缺乏髓质骨，尽管存在时，它的矿物质含量高于胫跗骨。这些差异归因于刺激骨形成和重塑的不同力量。

4.龙骨皮质骨矿化程度低于胫跗骨或肱骨。其矿化程度从颅骨到骨的远端降低。这种梯度可能会影响龙骨的机械性能，使其更容易变形和断裂。

5. 研究蛋鸡不同骨骼的数据有助于了解矿化以及寻找预防骨质疏松症相关骨折的解决方案。