Abstract

Mitochondria are organelles present in most eukaryotic cells, where they play major and multifaceted roles. The classical notion of the main mitochondrial function as the powerhouse of the cell per se has been complemented by recent discoveries pointing to mitochondria as organelles affecting a number of other auxiliary processes. They go beyond the classical energy provision via acting as a relay point of many catabolic and anabolic processes, to signaling pathways critically affecting cell growth by their implication in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. These additional roles further underscore the importance of mitochondrial homeostasis in various tissues, where its deregulation promotes a number of pathologies. While it has long been known that mitochondria can move within a cell to sites where they are needed, recent research has uncovered that mitochondria can also move between cells. While this intriguing field of research is only emerging, it is clear that mobilization of mitochondria requires a complex apparatus that critically involves mitochondrial proteins of the Miro family, whose role goes beyond the mitochondrial transfer, as will be covered in this review.

摘要

线粒体是存在于大多数真核细胞中的细胞器，它们在其中发挥着主要和多方面的作用。将线粒体作为细胞器影响许多其他辅助过程的细胞器的最新发现补充了主要线粒体功能作为细胞本身动力的经典概念。它们通过充当许多分解代谢和合成代谢过程的中继点而超越了经典的能量供应，通过它们在从头中的暗示影响细胞生长的信号通路嘧啶合成。这些额外的作用进一步强调了线粒体稳态在各种组织中的重要性，其失调促进了许多病理。虽然人们早就知道线粒体可以在细胞内移动到需要它们的位置，但最近的研究发现线粒体也可以在细胞之间移动。虽然这个有趣的研究领域才刚刚出现，但很明显，线粒体的动员需要一个复杂的装置，该装置主要涉及 Miro 家族的线粒体蛋白，其作用超出了线粒体转移，本综述将对此进行介绍。