Advanced composite aerogel materials have attracted much attention due to the unique structure and properties. However, the efficient manufacturing process and structural stability were still a challenge. Herein, a novel hydroxyapatite nanowires/polyimide (HAnws/PI) composite aerogel was synthesized by the ultralong HAnws combined with polyamic acid via directional freezing and thermal imidization. Among them, the HAnws and PI intertwined to form a three-dimensional network structure, which decreased the volume shrinkage of aerogel in thermal imidization from 42.9% to 12.6%, resulting in high porosity (>96%) and low density (0.0329–0.0431 g cm⁻³). In addition, the HAnws/PI aerogel with layered porous structure exhibits obvious anisotropic mechanical properties. The axial specific modulus as high as 78.05 kN m kg⁻¹ and radial high elasticity can withstand 100 cycles of fatigue resistance. Moreover, the lowest radial thermal conductivity at 32.21 mW m⁻¹ K⁻¹ and the maximum of the anisotropy factor was 2.2, which was very suitable for insulation pipes to prevent additional heat loss. Therefore, the novel nanofibers reinforced organic aerogel was expected to provide more abundant functional applications in energy efficiency.

先进的复合气凝胶材料因其独特的结构和性能而备受关注。然而，高效的制造工艺和结构稳定性仍然是一个挑战。在此，通过定向冷冻和热酰亚胺化将超长 HAnws 与聚酰胺酸结合，合成了一种新型羟基磷灰石纳米线/聚酰亚胺（HAnws/PI）复合气凝胶。其中，HAnws和PI交织形成三维网络结构，使热酰亚胺化气凝胶的体积收缩率从42.9%降低到12.6%，导致孔隙率高（>96%）和密度低（0.0329-0.0431克厘米^-3）。此外，具有层状多孔结构的 HAnws/PI 气凝胶表现出明显的各向异性机械性能。轴向比模量高达78.05 kN m kg ^-1，径向高弹性可承受100次疲劳循环。此外，径向热导率最低为 32.21 mW m ^-1  K ^-1，各向异性因子的最大值为 2.2，非常适合用于保温管道以防止额外的热损失。因此，新型纳米纤维增强有机气凝胶有望在能源效率方面提供更丰富的功能应用。