The development of new heterogeneous Cu-based solid catalysts for hydroxyl radical (∙OH) generation plays a crucial role in degradation of pollutants at neutral pH circumstance. In this work, a Cu-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) complex was synthesized in one-step pyrolysis process using copper chloride dihydrate and dicyandiamide as precursors. The results reveal that after Cu doping, the bulk structure of g-C₃N₄ was destroyed with fragmentary morphology formation. Besides, Cu⁰ and Cu⁺ were successfully embedded in g-C₃N₄ sheet. Moreover, amoxicillin (AMX) removal by heterogeneous electro-Fenton process was performed to evaluate the catalytic activity of the Cu-doped g-C₃N₄. 99.1% AMX removal efficiency was obtained after 60 min electrolysis under neutral pH condition when the current density was 12 mA cm² and the catalyst dosage was 0.3 g L⁻¹. Both Cu⁰ and Cu⁺ were stably retained in the Cu-doped g-C₃N₄ catalyst and AMX removal efficiency reached 91.1%, even after 5 cycles, manifesting the remarkable stability of Cu-doped g-C₃N₄. Also, Cu-doped g-C₃N₄ possessed excellent catalytic activities for AMX removal in various waterbodies. According to the catalytic mechanism analysis, the ∙OH was proved to be the primary reactive species for AMX removal in heterogeneous electro-Fenton process. Based on the identification of sixteen different intermediate products, the possible degradation pathways were proposed. This work provides a simple method to synthesize a Cu-based solid catalyst containing stable Cu⁰ and Cu ⁺ for degradation of pollutants in wastewater.

用于羟基自由基（∙OH）生成的新型多相铜基固体催化剂的开发在中性 pH 值环境下降解污染物中起着至关重要的作用。在这项工作中，使用氯化铜二水合物和双氰胺作为前驱体，通过一步热解工艺合成了掺杂铜的石墨氮化碳 (gC ₃ N ₄ ) 配合物。结果表明，Cu掺杂后，gC ₃ N ₄的块体结构被破坏，形成碎片状形态。此外，Cu ⁰和Cu ⁺成功嵌入gC ₃ N ₄床单。此外，通过非均相电芬顿法去除阿莫西林（AMX）以评估Cu掺杂的gC ₃ N ₄的催化活性。当电流密度为12 mA cm ²和催化剂用量为0.3 g L ^-1时，在中性pH条件下电解60分钟后获得99.1%的AMX去除率。Cu ⁰和Cu ⁺均稳定地保留在Cu掺杂的gC ₃ N ₄催化剂中，即使经过5个循环，AMX去除效率也达到91.1%，表明Cu掺杂的gC ₃ N ₄具有显着的稳定性。此外，Cu 掺杂 gC ₃ N ₄对各种水体中的 AMX 去除具有优异的催化活性。根据催化机理分析，证明∙OH是非均相电芬顿过程中去除AMX的主要反应物种。基于对 16 种不同中间产物的鉴定，提出了可能的降解途径。该工作为合成含有稳定Cu ⁰和Cu  ⁺的Cu基固体催化剂 用于废水中污染物降解提供了一种简单的方法。