Hazardous heavy metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) fly ash are a threat to the environment and ecosystems. The objective of the work is to investigate the solidification of MSWI fly ash and the immobilization of the heavy metals through alkaline activation reaction with waste glass as an additive. Compressive strength measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ²⁹Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (²⁹Si NMR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to evaluate the solidification effect and characterize the microstructure of alkali-activated MSWI fly ash-based mortars. The leaching test, back-scattered electron microscopy (BSE) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were conducted to determine the heavy metals' immobilization effect and their immobilization forms. It was found that waste glass addition effectively reinforced the solidification of MSWI fly ash and immobilized the heavy metals. With 40% addition of waste glass, the compressive strength reached a maximum of 3.55 MPa. The immobilization efficiency of Cr increased with the addition of waste glass, while that of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd is dependent on the eluant final pH, which decreased with the decrease of eluant final pH. The main immobilization forms include physical encapsulation, the formation of alkaline environment and the generation of silicate compounds.

城市固体废物焚烧 (MSWI) 飞灰中的有害重金属对环境和生态系统构成威胁。这项工作的目的是通过以废玻璃为添加剂的碱活化反应，研究 MSWI 飞灰的固化和重金属的固定。抗压强度测量、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、²⁹ Si 核磁共振光谱 ( ²⁹Si NMR) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 用于评估固化效果并表征碱活化 MSWI 粉煤灰基砂浆的微观结构。进行浸出试验、背散射电子显微镜(BSE)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以确定重金属的固定作用及其固定形式。研究发现，废玻璃的添加有效地加强了垃圾焚烧飞灰的固化并固定了重金属。添加40%的废玻璃后，抗压强度最高可达3.55 MPa。Cr的固定效率随着废玻璃的加入而增加，而Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd的固定效率取决于淋洗液最终pH值，随着淋洗液最终pH值的降低而降低。