This research investigates the effects of the addition of Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles (30, 60 and 90 ppm) and Fe₂O₃–Al₂O₃ hybrid nanoparticles to pure diesel fuel on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. The results indicated that fuel blends improved the combustion (in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate), performance (power, fuel consumption and thermal and exergy efficiency) and emission characteristics of the engine. The results showed that the peak combustion pressure increased by 4% and the heat release rate was improved by 15% in comparison with pure diesel with the addition of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the rate of pressure rise increased by 18% compared to pure diesel with nanoparticle additives. Based on the results, the effects of Fe₂O₃ fuel blends on brake power, BTE and CO emission were more than Al₂O₃ fuel blends, such that it increased power and thermal efficiency by 7.40 and 14%, respectively, and reduced CO emissions by 21.2%; moreover, the blends with Al₂O₃ nanoparticle additives in comparison with Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle blends showed a better performance in reducing BSFC (9%), NO_x (23.9%) and SO₂ (23.4%) emissions. Overall, the Fe₂O₃–Al₂O₃ hybrid fuel blend is the best alternative if the performance and emission characteristics of the engine are both considered.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

---

Fe2O3和Al2O3纳米颗粒-柴油混合燃料对柴油机燃烧、性能和排放特性的影响

本研究调查了添加 Fe ₂ O ₃和 Al ₂ O ₃纳米粒子（30、60 和 90 ppm）以及 Fe ₂ O ₃ –Al ₂ O _{3 的影响}混合纳米粒子与纯柴油燃料对柴油发动机的燃烧、性能和排放特性的影响。结果表明，混合燃料改善了发动机的燃烧（缸内压力和热释放率）、性能（功率、燃料消耗以及热和火用效率）和排放特性。结果表明，与添加纳米颗粒的纯柴油相比，峰值燃烧压力提高了4%，放热率提高了15%。此外，与含有纳米颗粒添加剂的纯柴油相比，压力上升率增加了 18%。结果表明，Fe ₂ O ₃混合燃料对制动功率、BTE和CO排放的影响大于Al ₂ O ₃混合燃料，使其功率和热效率分别提高了 7.40% 和 14%，并将二氧化碳排放量减少了 21.2%；此外，与Fe ₂ O ₃纳米颗粒混合物相比，含有Al ₂ O ₃纳米颗粒添加剂的混合物在减少BSFC (9%)、NO _x (23.9%)和SO ₂ (23.4%)排放方面表现出更好的性能。总的来说，如果同时考虑发动机的性能和排放特性，Fe ₂ O ₃ -Al ₂ O ₃混合燃料混合物是最好的选择。

图形摘要