The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is recognised as one of the most commonly applied methods in the multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) literature. In the AHP, encompassing uncertainty feature necessitates using suitable uncertainty theories, since dealing efficiently with uncertainty in subjective judgements is of great importance in real-world decision-making problems. The neutrosophic set (NS) theory and grey systems are two reliable uncertainty theories which can bring considerable benefits to uncertain decision-making. The aim of this study is to improve uncertain decision-making by incorporating advantages of the NS and grey systems theories with the AHP in investigating sustainability through agility readiness evaluation in large manufacturing plants. This study pioneers a combined neutrosophic-grey AHP (NG-AHP) method for uncertain decision-making modelling. The applicability of the hybrid NG-AHP method is shown in an illustrative real-case study for agility evaluations in the Iranian steel industry. The computational results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method in adequately capturing uncertainty in the subjective judgements of decision makers. In addition, the results verify the significance of the research in group decision-making under uncertainty. The practical outcome reveals that, to become a more sustainable agile steel producer in the case country, they should first focus on the “organisation management agility” as the most significant criterion in the assessment followed by “manufacturing process agility,” “product design agility,” “integration of information system,” and “partnership formation capability,” respectively.

中文翻译：

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混合中智-灰色层次分析过程方法：不确定环境中的决策建模

层次分析法 (AHP) 被公认为多属性决策 (MADM) 文献中最常用的方法之一。在层次分析法中，包含不确定性特征需要使用合适的不确定性理论，因为有效地处理主观判断中的不确定性在现实世界的决策问题中非常重要。中智集合（NS）理论和灰色系统是两种可靠的不确定性理论，可以为不确定性决策带来可观的益处。本研究的目的是通过将 NS 和灰色系统理论的优势与层次分析法相结合，通过大型制造工厂的敏捷性准备评估来调查可持续性，从而改善不确定性决策。这项研究开创了一种用于不确定决策建模的组合中智-灰色 AHP (NG-AHP) 方法。混合 NG-AHP 方法的适用性在伊朗钢铁行业敏捷性评估的说明性实际案例研究中得到了证明。计算结果表明所提出的方法在充分捕捉决策者主观判断中的不确定性方面是有效的。此外，结果验证了该研究在不确定性下的群体决策中的意义。实际结果表明，要成为案例国更可持续的敏捷钢铁生产商，首先应将“组织管理敏捷性”作为评估中最重要的标准，其次是“制造过程敏捷性”、“产品设计敏捷性” ,”信息系统集成,