The present study sought to determine which painful and provocative events differentiated those with suicidal ideation from those who attempted suicide. Additionally, it presents a novel way of utilizing the Painful and Provocative Scale (PPES) by looking at items dichotomously as experienced or not experienced, instead of the frequency at which they are experienced.

中文翻译：

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痛苦和挑衅性事件：确定哪些事件与企图自杀的几率增加有关

本研究试图确定哪些痛苦和挑衅事件将有自杀意念的人和企图自杀的人区分开来。此外，它提出了一种利用痛苦和刺激量表 (PPES) 的新方法，通过将项目分为有经验或无经验，而不是它们被体验的频率来看待。