The first DSSC 1-Mpixel camera became available at the European XFEL (EuXFEL) in the Hamburg area in February 2019. It was successfully tested, installed, and commissioned at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering Instrument. DSSC is a high-speed, large-area, 2-D imaging detector system optimized for photon science applications in the energy range between 0.25 and 6 keV. The camera is based on direct conversion Si sensors and is composed of 1024 ×1024 pixels of hexagonal shape with a side length of 136 μm. The 256 application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) provide full parallel readout, comprising analog filtering, digitization, and in-pixel data storage. In order to cope with the demanding X-ray pulse time structure of the EuXFEL, the DSSC provides a peak frame rate of 4.5 MHz. The first Mpixel camera is equipped with miniaturized silicon drift detector (MiniSDD) pixel arrays. The intrinsic response of the pixels and the linear readout limit the dynamic range but allow one to achieve noise values of about 60 electrons r.m.s. at the highest frame rate. The challenge of providing high-dynamic range (~104 photons/pixel/pulse) and single-photon detection simultaneously requires a nonlinear system front end, which will be obtained with the DEPFET active pixel technology foreseen for the advanced version of the camera. This technology will provide lower noise and a nonlinear response at the sensor level. This article describes the architecture of the whole detector system together with the main experimental results achieved up to now.

中文翻译：

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欧洲 XFEL DSSC 项目基于 MiniSDD 的 1 Mpixel 相机


第一台 DSSC 1-Mpixel 相机于 2019 年 2 月在汉堡地区的欧洲 XFEL (EuXFEL) 投入使用。它在光谱和相干散射仪器上成功进行了测试、安装和调试。 DSSC 是一种高速、大面积、二维成像探测器系统，针对 0.25 至 6 keV 能量范围内的光子科学应用进行了优化。该相机基于直接转换硅传感器，由边长为136μm的六边形形状的1024×1024像素组成。 256 个专用集成电路 (ASIC) 提供完全并行读出，包括模拟滤波、数字化和像素内数据存储。为了应对EuXFEL苛刻的X射线脉冲时间结构，DSSC提供了4.5 MHz的峰值帧速率。第一款 Mpixel 相机配备微型硅漂移探测器 (MiniSDD) 像素阵列。像素的固有响应和线性读出限制了动态范围，但允许在最高帧速率下实现约 60 个电子均方根的噪声值。同时提供高动态范围（~104 光子/像素/脉冲）和单光子检测的挑战需要非线性系统前端，这将通过为相机的高级版本预见的 DEPFET 有源像素技术来实现。该技术将在传感器级别提供更低的噪声和非线性响应。本文描述了整个探测器系统的架构以及迄今为止取得的主要实验结果。