Ultrasonic intra-body communication (IBC) is a promising enabling technology for future healthcare applications, due to low attenuation and medical safety of ultrasonic waves for the human body. A splitting receiver, referred to as the splitting-detection separate-decision (SDSD) receiver, is introduced for ultrasonic pulse-based IBCs, and SDSD can significantly improve bit-error rate (BER) performance over the traditional coherent-detection (CD) and energy detection (ED) receivers. To overcome the high complexity and improve the BER performance of SDSD, a splitting-detection joint-decision (SDJD) receiver is proposed. The core idea of SDJD is to split the received signal into two streams that can be separately processed by CD and ED, and then summed up as joint decision variables to achieve diversity combining. The theoretical channel capacity and BER of the SDSD and SDJD are derived for $M$ -ary pulse position modulation ( $M$ -PPM) and PPM with spreading codes. The derivation takes into account the channel noise, intra-body channel fading, and channel estimation error. Simulation results verify the theoretical analysis and show that both SDSD and SDJD can achieve higher channel capacity and lower BER than the CD and ED receivers with perfect channel estimation, while SDJD can achieve the lowest BER with imperfect channel estimation.

中文翻译：

---

一种用于超声体内通信的分裂检测联合决策接收器

由于超声波对人体的低衰减和医疗安全性，超声波体内通信 (IBC) 是未来医疗保健应用的一种有前途的使能技术。为基于超声波脉冲的 IBC 引入了分裂接收器，称为分裂检测分离决策 (SDSD) 接收器，与传统的相干检测 (CD) 相比，SDSD 可以显着提高误码率 (BER) 性能和能量检测 (ED) 接收器。为了克服 SDSD 的高复杂度并提高 BER 性能，提出了一种分裂检测联合判决 (SDJD) 接收器。SDJD的核心思想是将接收到的信号分成两个流，分别由CD和ED进行处理，然后汇总为联合决策变量，实现分集合并。 百万美元 -ary脉冲位置调制（ 百万美元 -PPM) 和带有扩展码的 PPM。推导考虑了信道噪声、体内信道衰落和信道估计误差。仿真结果验证了理论分析，表明在信道估计完美的情况下，SDSD和SDJD都可以实现比CD和ED接收机更高的信道容量和更低的BER，而SDJD可以在信道估计不完善的情况下实现最低的BER。