Conservation agriculture practices (CAs) have been internationally promoted and used for decades to enhance soil health and mitigate soil loss. An additional benefit of CAs has been mitigation of agricultural runoff impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Countries across the globe have agricultural agencies that provide programs for farmers to implement a variety of CAs. Increasingly there is a need to demonstrate that CAs can provide ecological improvements in aquatic ecosystems. Growing global concerns of lost habitat, biodiversity, and ecosystem services, increased eutrophication and associated harmful algal blooms are expected to intensify with increasing global populations and changing climate. We conducted a literature review identifying 88 studies linking CAs to aquatic ecological responses since 2000. Most studies were conducted in North America (78%), primarily the United States (73%), within the framework of the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project. Identified studies most frequently documented macroinvertebrate (31%), fish (28%), and algal (20%) responses to riparian (29%), wetland (18%), or combinations (32%) of CAs and/or responses to eutrophication (27%) and pesticide contamination (23%). Notable research gaps include better understanding of biogeochemistry with CAs, quantitative links between varying CAs and ecological responses, and linkages of CAs with aquatic ecosystem structure and function.

中文翻译：

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农业保护措施和水生生态反应

几十年来，保护性农业实践 (CA) 已在国际上得到推广和使用，以增强土壤健康和减轻土壤流失。CA 的另一个好处是减轻农业径流对水生生态系统的影响。全球各国都有农业机构，为农民提供实施各种 CA 的计划。越来越需要证明 CA 可以改善水生生态系统的生态。随着全球人口的增加和气候的变化，全球对栖息地丧失、生物多样性和生态系统服务、富营养化加剧和相关有害藻华的日益关注将加剧。自 2000 年以来，我们进行了一项文献综述，确定了 88 项将 CA 与水生生态响应联系起来的研究。大多数研究是在美国农业部保护效果评估项目的框架内在北美 (78%)，主要是美国 (73%) 进行的。已确定的研究最常记录大型无脊椎动物 (31%)、鱼类 (28%) 和藻类 (20%) 对河岸 (29%)、湿地 (18%) 或 CA 组合 (32%) 的反应和/或对富营养化 (27%) 和农药污染 (23%)。显着的研究差距包括更好地理解与 CA 的生物地球化学、不同 CA 与生态响应之间的定量联系，以及 CA 与水生生态系统结构和功能的联系。和藻类 (20%) 对河岸 (29%)、湿地 (18%) 或 CA 组合 (32%) 的反应和/或对富营养化 (27%) 和农药污染 (23%) 的反应。显着的研究差距包括更好地理解与 CA 的生物地球化学、不同 CA 与生态响应之间的定量联系，以及 CA 与水生生态系统结构和功能的联系。和藻类 (20%) 对河岸 (29%)、湿地 (18%) 或 CA 组合 (32%) 的反应和/或对富营养化 (27%) 和农药污染 (23%) 的反应。显着的研究差距包括更好地理解与 CA 的生物地球化学、不同 CA 与生态响应之间的定量联系，以及 CA 与水生生态系统结构和功能的联系。