In this study, 24 traditional almond cultivars grown in the central-western Iberian Peninsula, all of them clearly in decline or close to extinction, were characterized from the agromorphological and chemical points of view. A total of 40 agromorphological and chemical descriptors, mainly defined by the IPGRI and the UPOV, were used to describe the flowers, leaves, fruits and the trees themselves over three consecutive years (2015–2017). Some of the cultivars showed distinctive and interesting agronomical characteristics from a commercial point of view, such as high yields and high quality fruit. This was the case of the almond cultivars called “Gorda José” and “Marcelina”. Their fruits were quite heavy (nuts: >9.1 g; kernels: >1.9 g), with very low percentages of double kernels (<3%) and high nutritional value (>50% lipids; >21% proteins). The results of the PCA and cluster analysis showed that agromorphological and chemical analysis can provide reliable information on the variability in almond genotypes. This work constitutes an important step in the conservation of genetic almond resources in the central-western Iberian Peninsula.

中文翻译：

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伊比利亚半岛中西部传统杏仁品种的农艺特征及营养价值

在这项研究中，伊比利亚半岛中西部种植的 24 个传统杏仁品种，所有这些品种都明显处于衰退或接近灭绝的状态，从农业形态和化学角度进行了表征。主要由 IPGRI 和 UPOV 定义的总共 40 个农业形态和化学描述符用于连续三年（2015-2017 年）描述花、叶、果实和树木本身。从商业角度来看，一些品种表现出独特而有趣的农艺特征，例如高产和优质水果。名为“Gorda José”和“Marcelina”的杏仁品种就是这种情况。他们的果实很重（坚果：> 9.1 克；仁：> 1.9 克），双仁的比例非常低（<3%），营养价值很高（> 50% 的脂质；> 21% 蛋白质）。PCA和聚类分析的结果表明，农业形态学和化学分析可以提供有关杏仁基因型变异性的可靠信息。这项工作是保护伊比利亚半岛中西部杏仁遗传资源的重要一步。