Particulate matter (PM) deposition on leaves adversely affects physical, chemical and biological nature of agricultural crops resulting in their loss of productivity and yield. Wheat being a staple food in major parts of Northern India and around the World, has been selected for research purpose by designing a study to explore the probable effects of PM deposition on wheat leaves and wheat crops to ensure the food security. PM₅ (Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <5 μm) and Dry Deposited Particulate Matter (DDPM) on wheat leaves (Leaf_DDPM) were collected from the wheat crop field in Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi for growing and harvesting season of wheat crops (i.e. December 2014 to April 2015). The EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) analysis was used for this study and the individual particle analysis revealed the presence of both acidic and alkaline components like C, Al, Si, Fe, Ca, K, S and Mg. The offline characterization tool i.e. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) was utilized for obtaining the micrographs which clearly showed the presence of some angular, sharp-edged and spherical particles consisting of both smooth and rough texture. Apart from that, prevalence of slightly non-spherical particles with aspect ratio of range (>1.20–1.40) and CIR (>0.70–0.80) for both PM₅ and leaf_DDPM were observed. The size distribution of individual particles for both PM₅(#194 particles) and Leaf_DDPM(#657 particles) revealed that Surface Equivalent Radius (SER) and Volume Equivalent Radius (VER) of particles observed to be 0.40–0.80 μm while surface area to be 0–1 μm². These particles may easily block stomatal openings (with typical diameter range: 42–51 μm) of wheat leaves and damage internal leaf tissues while particle VER determines the interaction of incoming solar radiation with leaf surfaces. Average PM₅ concentrations ± Standard deviations (μg/m³) were reported to be 231.05 ± 113.03. The XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) spectrometer analysis of bulk PM₅ revealed the concentrations of non-carbonaceous elements (μg/m³) as N (67.34 ± 16.09), Si (27.44 ± 11.01), Al (7.79 ± 3.37), S (3.88 ± 2.24), Na (2.29 ± 0.94), Mg (1.65 ± 0.62), K (0.51 ± 0.26), Ca (0.60 ± 0.26), Fe (0.54 ± 0.26), Cr (1.10 ± 0.70), Zn (0.05 ± 0.03), P (0.10 ± 0.03), Cu (0.07 ± 0.06). The dominant elemental oxides were calculated as SiO₂, Al₂O₃, ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$, Na₂O, MgO, K₂O, CaO, Fe₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, ZnO, P₂O₅, Cu₂O with variable concentrations. In high humid conditions, with relative humidity (~85%) during the vegetative and flowering growth stages of wheat crops, presence of C and S rich acidic and hygroscopic particles may cause the corrosion of wheat leaves that ultimately affect the wheat crops.

叶片上的颗粒物 (PM) 沉积会对农作物的物理、化学和生物性质产生不利影响，从而导致其生产力和产量的损失。小麦是印度北部主要地区和世界各地的主食，通过设计一项研究来探索 PM 沉积对小麦叶子和小麦作物的可能影响，以确保粮食安全，被选为研究目的。下午_{5 点}（空气动力学直径<5μm的颗粒物）和小麦叶片上的干沉积颗粒物（DDPM）（Leaf_DDPM）是从新德里印度农业研究所（IARI）的小麦作物田中收集的，用于小麦作物的生长和收获季节（即 2014 年 12 月至 2015 年 4 月）。本研究使用 EDS（能量色散光谱）分析，单个颗粒分析显示酸性和碱性成分都存在，如 C、Al、Si、Fe、Ca、K、S 和 Mg。离线表征工具，即 SEM（扫描电子显微镜）用于获得显微照片，该照片清楚地显示存在一些由光滑和粗糙纹理组成的棱角分明、边缘锐利和球形的颗粒。除此之外，₅和leaf_DDPM 被观察到。PM ₅（#194 颗粒）和 Leaf_DDPM（#657 颗粒）的单个颗粒的尺寸分布显示，观察到的颗粒的表面等效半径 (SER) 和体积等效半径 (VER) 为 0.40–0.80 μm，而表面积为为 0–1 μm ²。这些颗粒很容易阻塞小麦叶片的气孔开口（典型直径范围：42-51 μm）并损坏内部叶组织，而颗粒 VER 决定了入射太阳辐射与叶表面的相互作用。据报道，平均 PM ₅浓度 ± 标准偏差 (μg/m ³ ) 为 231.05 ± 113.03。散装 PM ₅的 XRF（X 射线荧光）光谱仪分析揭示了非碳元素 (μg/m ³ ) 的浓度为 N (67.34 ± 16.09), Si (27.44 ± 11.01), Al (7.79 ± 3.37), S (3.88 ± 2.24), Na (2.29 ± 0.94), Mg (1.65 ± 0.62), K (0.51 ± 0.26), Ca (0.60 ± 0.26), Fe (0.54 ± 0.26), Cr (1.10 ± 0.70), Zn (0.05 ± 0.03), P (0.13), Cu0. (0.07 ± 0.06)。主要元素氧化物计算为 SiO ₂、Al ₂ O ₃、${\text{所以}}_4^{2-}$, Na ₂ O, MgO, K ₂ O, CaO, Fe ₂ O ₃ , Cr ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, P ₂ O ₅ , Cu ₂ O 具有不同的浓度。在高湿条件下，小麦作物营养和开花生长阶段的相对湿度（~85%），富含碳和硫的酸性和吸湿颗粒的存在可能导致小麦叶片腐蚀，最终影响小麦作物。