Ranking key quality characteristics (KQCs) which are widely utilized to evaluate the product quality level and selecting the most important one are necessary for improving the quality of mechanical and electrical product. Many classical ranking methods have been proposed to rank KQCs, e.g., the classical quality function deployment (QFD) method, the classical ORESTE method. However, some drawbacks in constructing ranking framework, rating KQCs/influence factors (IFs) and ranking KQCs are existed in these methods. To solve this problem, we develop a three-dimensional house of quality (HoQ) model-based interval-valued spherical fuzzy-ORESTE (IVSF-ORESTE) method to rank KQCs. First, the three-dimensional HoQ models which add meta-action units (MAUs) dimension are constructed to provide a ranking framework, and interval-valued spherical fuzzy sets (IVSFSs) are utilized to rate KQCs/IFs. Secondly, some new distance and weight distance measures based on the Dice and the Jaccard similarity are proposed to extend the traditional distance measure between IVSFSs. Furthermore, the IVSF-QFD method is used to calculate the importance degrees of IFs and the KQCs are ranked with the IVSF-ORESTE method. Finally, a real case vis-à-vis a NC rotary table is illustrated to explain the implementation process of the proposed method, and discussion results indicate that the proposed ranking method is rational and valid.

对广泛用于评价产品质量水平的关键质量特性（KQC）进行排序，从中选出最重要的一个，是提高机电产品质量所必需的。已经提出了许多经典的排序方法来对 KQC 进行排序，例如经典的质量函数部署（QFD）方法、经典的 ORESTE 方法。然而，这些方法在构建排名框架、评级 KQC/影响因素 (IF) 和排名 KQC 方面存在一些缺陷。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一种基于三维质量屋 (HoQ) 模型的区间值球形模糊 ORESTE (IVSF-ORESTE) 方法来对 KQC 进行排序。首先，构建添加元动作单元（MAU）维度的三维HoQ模型以提供排名框架，和区间值球面模糊集 (IVSFS) 用于评价 KQC/IF​​。其次，提出了一些基于 Dice 和 Jaccard 相似度的新距离和权重距离度量，以扩展 IVSFS 之间的传统距离度量。此外，使用IVSF-QFD方法计算IFs的重要度，并使用IVSF-ORESTE方法对KQCs进行排序。最后，通过一个数控转台的真实案例来说明所提出方法的实现过程，讨论结果表明所提出的排序方法是合理有效的。采用IVSF-QFD方法计算IFs的重要度，KQCs采用IVSF-ORESTE方法排序。最后，通过一个数控转台的真实案例来说明所提出方法的实现过程，讨论结果表明所提出的排序方法是合理有效的。采用IVSF-QFD方法计算IFs的重要度，KQCs采用IVSF-ORESTE方法排序。最后，通过一个数控转台的真实案例来说明所提出方法的实现过程，讨论结果表明所提出的排序方法是合理有效的。