Introduction

The term “hidden curriculum” (HC) is a set of ethical, moral, and value-based teachings communicated in a non-explicit manner. Recent literature has described increasing awareness of the prevalence of the HC and potential negative impact on medical learners; however, this information is lacking in pharmacy resident education. Consequently, we conducted a survey study of United States pharmacy residents to learn their perceptions concerning the HC in pharmacy residency training.

Methods

A nationwide survey of pharmacy residents was conducted in June 2019. The survey assessed the following: presence of negative HC (score 0 to 80), cynicism (score 0 to 25), burnout via Maslach Burnout Inventory depersonalization (MBI-D) (range 0 to 30), and emotional exhaustion via Maslach Burnout Inventory emotional exhaustion (MBI-EE) (range 0 to 54). Higher scores represent increased occurrences of each domain.

Results

The mean HC score was 20 (SD 14.7), mean cynicism score was 9 (SD 5.5), MBI-D was 5.5 (SD 4.5), and MBI-EE was 24.2 (SD 12.4). Of those completing an MBI score, 40.4% (82/203) reported burnout in one area, while 15.8% (32/203) reported burnout in both areas. Residents reporting burnout had higher mean HC and cynicism scores.

Conclusions

Awareness to develop and grow cultures that minimize the presence of a negative HC is essential to improve postgraduate pharmacy training.

中文翻译：

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药房住院医师教育中负面隐藏课程、犬儒主义和倦怠的发生率：一项全国性调查

介绍

术语“隐藏课程”(HC) 是一组以非明确方式传达的伦理、道德和基于价值的教义。最近的文献描述了人们越来越意识到 HC 的流行以及对医学学习者的潜在负面影响；然而，这种信息在药房住院医师教育中是缺乏的。因此，我们对美国药房住院医师进行了一项调查研究，以了解他们对药房住院医师培训中 HC 的看法。

方法

2019 年 6 月对药房居民进行了一项全国性调查。该调查评估了以下内容：是否存在负 HC（得分 0 到 80）、愤世嫉俗（得分 0 到 25）、通过 Maslach 倦怠量表去人格化 (MBI-D)（范围0 到 30)，以及通过 Maslach 倦怠量表情绪耗竭 (MBI-EE) 的情绪耗竭（范围 0 到 54）。较高的分数代表每个域出现的次数增加。

结果

平均 HC 得分为 20 (SD 14.7)，平均愤世嫉俗得分为 9 (SD 5.5)，MBI-D 为 5.5 (SD 4.5)，MBI-EE 为 24.2 (SD 12.4)。在完成 MBI 分数的那些人中，40.4% (82/203) 报告在一个领域倦怠，而 15.8% (32/203) 在两个领域报告倦怠。报告倦怠的居民有更高的平均 HC 和愤世嫉俗分数。

结论

意识到发展和培养能够最大限度地减少阴性 HC 存在的文化对于改善研究生药学培训至关重要。