As native ranges are often geographically structured, invasive species originating from a single source population only carry a fraction of the genetic diversity present in their native range. The invasion process is thus often associated with a drastic loss of genetic diversity resulting from a founder event. However, the fraction of diversity brought to the invasive range may vary under different invasion histories, increasing with the size of the propagule, the number of reintroduction events, and/or the total genetic diversity represented by the various source populations in a multiple-introduction scenario. In this study, we generated a SNP data set for the invasive termite Reticulitermes flavipes from 23 native populations in the eastern United States and six introduced populations throughout the world. Using population genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation random forest, we investigated its worldwide invasion history. We found a complex invasion pathway with multiple events out of the native range and bridgehead introductions from the introduced population in France. Our data suggest that extensive long-distance jump dispersal appears common in both the native and introduced ranges of this species, probably through human transportation. Overall, our results show that similar to multiple introduction events into the invasive range, admixture in the native range prior to invasion can potentially favour invasion success by increasing the genetic diversity that is later transferred to the introduced range.

中文翻译：

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在侵入性白蚁 Reticulitermes flavipes 的本地和引入范围内和跨范围内广泛的人类介导的跳跃扩散

由于本地范围通常具有地理结构，源自单一来源种群的入侵物种仅携带其本地范围内存在的遗传多样性的一小部分。因此，入侵过程通常与创始人事件导致的遗传多样性急剧丧失有关。然而，在不同的入侵历史下，进入入侵范围的多样性比例可能会有所不同，随着繁殖体的大小、重新引入事件的数量和/或多次引入中不同来源种群所代表的总遗传多样性而增加设想。在这项研究中，我们为侵入性白蚁Reticulitermes flavipes生成了一个 SNP 数据集来自美国东部的 23 个本地人口和世界各地的 6 个外来人口。使用种群遗传分析和近似贝叶斯计算随机森林，我们调查了它的全球入侵历史。我们发现了一条复杂的入侵途径，其中包含本地范围之外的多个事件和法国引入人口的桥头堡引入。我们的数据表明，广泛的长距离跳跃扩散在该物种的本地和引进范围中似乎很常见，可能是通过人类运输。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，类似于入侵范围内的多次引入事件，入侵前在天然范围内的混合物可能会通过增加后来转移到引入范围的遗传多样性来潜在地促进入侵成功。