Molecular mechanisms of nonself nucleic acid recognition by the innate immune system,European Journal of Immunology

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Molecular mechanisms of nonself nucleic acid recognition by the innate immune system
European Journal of Immunology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-17 , DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049116
Carina C de Oliveira Mann ₁ , Veit Hornung ₁

Affiliation

Nucleic acids (NAs) represent one of the most important classes of molecules recognized by the innate immune system. However, NAs are not limited to pathogens, but are also present within the host. As such, the immune system has evolved an elaborate set of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that employ various strategies to recognize distinct types of NAs, while reliably distinguishing between self and nonself. The here-employed strategies encompass the positioning of NA-sensing PRRs in certain subcellular compartments that potentially come in contact with pathogens but not host NAs, the existence of counterregulatory measures that keep endogenous NAs below a certain threshold, and also the specific identification of certain nonself patterns. Here, we review recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of NA recognition by TLRs, RLRs, and the cGAS–STING axis. We highlight the differences in NA-PRR interfaces that confer specificity and selectivity toward an NA ligand, as well as the NA-dependent induced conformational changes required for signal transduction.

中文翻译：

先天免疫系统识别非自身核酸的分子机制

核酸 (NA) 是先天免疫系统识别的最重要的一类分子。然而，NAs 不仅限于病原体，也存在于宿主体内。因此，免疫系统已经进化出一套精心设计的病原体识别受体 (PRR)，它们采用各种策略来识别不同类型的 NA，同时可靠地区分自身和非自身。这里采用的策略包括将 NA 感应 PRRs 定位在可能与病原体接触但不与宿主 NAs 接触的某些亚细胞区室中，存在将内源性 NAs 保持在某个阈值以下的反调节措施，以及某些特定识别非自我模式。在这里，我们回顾了 TLRs、RLRs、和 cGAS-STING 轴。我们强调了赋予 NA 配体特异性和选择性的 NA-PRR 界面的差异，以及信号转导所需的 NA 依赖性诱导构象变化。

更新日期：2021-08-05

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