Antimony sulfide (Sb₂S₃) nanobars are synthesized by the solvothermal method using different concentrations of the antimony chloride salt (SbCl₃)at 180 °C for 14 h. The effects of 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, and 0.9 mmol of SbCl₃ on the compositions, morphologies, and phases of the product are investigated. Raman spectroscopy indicates that the product corresponds to the pure orthorhombic phase of Sb₂S₃. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that the appearance of the as-synthesized Sb₂S₃ resembles that of nanobars with a typical width of 200–300 nm, which predominantly grow along the [001] direction. Chemical composition analysis confirms that the sample is composed of S and Sb, and the atomic ratio of Sb/S is close to 2:3, which is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The phase-pure Sb₂S₃ nanobars exhibit an optical energy gap between 1.5 eV and 1.74 eV and an absorption coefficient of approximately 10⁴ cm⁻¹, which would thus be suitable for use in photovoltaic applications. Scanning electron microscopy results indicate that the Sb₂S₃ thin-film-based nanobars are compact and smooth with a grain size of more than 3 µm. The best results reported here are for the solar cell structure Mo/Sb₂S₃/CdS/ITO/Ag with an open circuit voltage of 451 mV, short circuit current density of 12.47 mA/cm², fill factor of 0.61, and conversion efficiency of 3.46%.

中文翻译：

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不同浓度的SbCl ₃盐对溶剂热法制备的太阳能电池应用Sb ₂ S ₃纳米棒性能的影响

硫化锑 (Sb ₂ S ₃ ) 纳米棒是通过溶剂热法使用不同浓度的氯化锑盐 (SbCl ₃ ) 在 180 °C 下合成14 小时的。研究了 0.75、0.8、0.85 和 0.9 mmol SbCl ₃对产物的组成、形态和相的影响。拉曼光谱表明产物对应于纯斜方晶相 Sb ₂ S ₃。透射电子显微镜表明，合成的 Sb ₂ S ₃类似于典型宽度为 200-300 nm 的纳米棒，主要沿 [001] 方向生长。化学成分分析证实样品由S和Sb组成，Sb/S的原子比接近2:3，经X射线光电子能谱证实。纯相Sb ₂ S ₃纳米棒表现出1.5eV和1.74eV之间的光能隙和大约10 ⁴ cm ^-1的吸收系数，因此适合用于光伏应用。扫描电镜结果表明 Sb ₂ S ₃基于薄膜的纳米棒结构紧凑且光滑，晶粒尺寸超过 3 µm。这里报告的最佳结果是太阳能电池结构 Mo/Sb ₂ S ₃ /CdS/ITO/Ag，开路电压为 451 mV，短路电流密度为 12.47 mA/cm ²，填充因子为 0.61，转换效率为 3.46%。