Lymphoid neoplasms encompass a heterogeneous group of malignancies with a predilection for immunocompromised individuals, and the disease burden of lymphoid neoplasms has been rising globally over the last decade. At the same time, mounting studies delineated a crucial role of the gut microbiome in the aetiopathogenesis of various diseases. Orchestrated interactions between myriad microorganisms and the gastrointestinal mucosa establish a defensive barrier for a range of physiological processes, especially immunity and metabolism. These findings provide new perspectives to harness our knowledge of the gut microbiota for preclinical and clinical studies of lymphoma. Here, we review recent findings that support a role for the gut microbiota in the development of lymphoid neoplasms and pinpoint relevant molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, we propose the microbiota-gut-lymphoma axis as a promising target for clinical translation, including auxiliary diagnosis, novel prevention and treatment strategies, and predicting clinical outcomes and treatment-related adverse effects of the disease in the future. This review will reveal a fascinating avenue of research in the microbiota-mediated lymphoma field.

淋巴肿瘤包括一组异质性恶性肿瘤，尤其是免疫功能低下的个体，过去十年全球淋巴肿瘤的疾病负担一直在上升。与此同时，越来越多的研究描绘了肠道微生物组在各种疾病的发病机制中的关键作用。无数微生物与胃肠黏膜之间的协调相互作用为一系列生理过程，尤其是免疫和新陈代谢建立了防御屏障。这些发现为利用我们对肠道微生物群的知识进行淋巴瘤的临床前和临床研究提供了新的视角。在这里，我们回顾了最近支持肠道微生物群在淋巴肿瘤发展中的作用的研究结果，并确定了相关的分子机制。因此，我们建议将微生物群-肠道-淋巴瘤轴作为临床转化的有希望的目标，包括辅助诊断、新的预防和治疗策略，以及预测未来疾病的临床结果和治疗相关的不良反应。这篇综述将揭示微生物群介导的淋巴瘤领域的一条引人入胜的研究途径。