The Iron Age in temperate Europe is characterized by the emergence of hillforts. While such sites can be highly variable, they also share many characteristics, implying cultural linkages across a wide geographical area. Yet, the interpretation of hillforts has increasingly seen significant divergence in theoretical approaches in different European countries. In particular, Iron Age studies in Britain have progressively distanced themselves from those pursued in continental Europe. This article attempts to address this issue by analysing the evidence from two of the best-known hillforts in Europe: Danebury in Wessex, southern England, and the Heuneburg in Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany. The article highlights a number of key similarities and differences in the occupational sequences of these sites. While the differences indicate that the hillforts are the creation of very different Iron Age societies, the synergies are argued to be a consequence of communities evincing similar responses to similar problems, particularly those resulting from the social tensions that develop when transforming previously dispersed rural societies into increasingly centralized forms.

中文翻译：

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Danebury 和 Heuneburg：在欧洲早期铁器时代创建社区

温带欧洲的铁器时代的特点是山丘的出现。虽然这些地点可能变化很大，但它们也有许多共同特征，暗示着跨越广泛地理区域的文化联系。然而，不同欧洲国家对山丘的解释越来越多地出现在理论方法上的显着差异。特别是，英国的铁器时代研究已经逐渐远离欧洲大陆的研究。本文试图通过分析欧洲两个最著名的山丘的证据来解决这个问题：英格兰南部威塞克斯的 Danebury 和德国西南部巴登符腾堡的 Heuneburg。这篇文章强调了这些地点的职业序列中的一些关键相似点和不同点。