While high-level languages come with significant readability and maintainability benefits, their performance remains difficult to predict. For example, programmers may unknowingly use language features inappropriately, which cause their programs to run slower than expected. To address this issue, we introduce feature-specific profiling , a technique that reports performance costs in terms of linguistic constructs. Feature-specific profilers help programmers find expensive uses of specific features of their language. We describe the architecture of a profiler that implements our approach, explain prototypes of the profiler for two languages with different characteristics and implementation strategies, and provide empirical evidence for the approach’s general usefulness as a performance debugging tool.

中文翻译：

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特定于功能的分析

虽然高级语言具有显着的可读性和可维护性优势，但它们的性能仍然难以预测。例如，程序员可能会在不知不觉中不恰当地使用语言特性，这会导致他们的程序运行得比预期的要慢。为了解决这个问题，我们引入特定于功能的分析，一种根据语言结构报告性能成本的技术。特定于功能的分析器可帮助程序员找到其语言特定功能的昂贵用途。我们描述了实现我们方法的分析器的体系结构，解释了具有不同特征和实现策略的两种语言的分析器原型，并为该方法作为性能调试工具的一般用途提供了经验证据。