The groundwater mitigation issues and moving toward sustainable quality and quantity conditions of the aquifers are primary water resources management objectives in arid and semi-arid regions. A framework is required to assess groundwater restoration strategies' impacts on the aquifer's qualitative and quantitative sustainability. In this study, two new indices are introduced to evaluate the state of aquifer sustainability. The aquifer quantity restoration index was determined by using the results of the MODFLOW, considering the differences between the simulated and the desired water levels and the storage volumes for restoration scenarios, and the percentage of obtaining the desired level at the end of the simulated period. The aquifer quality restoration index was defined based on the DRASTIC-LU aquifer vulnerability and the percentage of the desired total dissolved solids (TDS) goals at the end of the simulated period using the Bayesian networks model. Six restoration groundwater scenarios in 10 years were assessed to examine both proposed indices. Scenarios are comprised of a one to 3.5% reduction in agriculture groundwater withdrawal. The aquifer quantitative restoration index resulting from the MODFLOW simulation indicated that 2.5% of the decrease in groundwater withdrawal satisfied the aquifer's sustainability. Furthermore, the qualitative sustainability index showed that the reduction in groundwater withdrawal has enormous impacts on the aquifer's central area and marginal parts, where the groundwater is dramatically over-exploited. Indices proposed can be utilized for the assessment of achieving sustainable management in groundwater by restoration scenarios.

中文翻译：

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地下水系统定性和定量可持续发展评估框架

地下水缓解问题和含水层的可持续质量和数量条件是干旱和半干旱地区的主要水资源管理目标。需要一个框架来评估地下水恢复战略对含水层质量和数量可持续性的影响。在这项研究中，引入了两个新的指数来评估含水层的可持续性状况。含水层量恢复指数是利用 MODFLOW 的结果确定的，考虑了模拟水位与预期水位之间的差异以及恢复情景的蓄水量，以及在模拟期结束时达到预期水位的百分比。含水层质量恢复指数是根据 DRASTIC-LU 含水层脆弱性和使用贝叶斯网络模型在模拟期结束时所需的总溶解固体 (TDS) 目标的百分比定义的。评估了 10 年的六个恢复地下水情景，以检查这两个建议的指数。情景包括农业地下水抽取量减少 1% 至 3.5%。MODFLOW 模拟得出的含水层定量恢复指数表明，地下水抽取量减少 2.5% 满足了含水层的可持续性。此外，定性可持续性指数表明，地下水抽取量的减少对含水层的中心区域和边缘部分产生了巨大影响，那里的地下水被严重过度开采。