This article studies how social learning can contribute to change, by applying the concepts of Turning Points and Critical Junctures to the pre-implementation lifecycles of small-scale bottom-up initiatives. It proposes that Turning Points, which have a relatively small immediate impact, and Critical Junctures, which have larger, more visible and more immediate effects, should both be considered crucial to the pre-implementation lifecycle of such initiatives and their capacity to endure and act towards implementation. It shows how social learning contributes to Turning Points, Near Misses and Critical Junctures by, for example, turning frustrations into spite, which fuels endurance and eventually implementation; or by allowing long-term endurance to make at first rejected possibilities become acceptable. The emerging Turning Points, Near Misses and Critical Junctures each play relevant roles for endurance and implementation dynamics. These findings highlight the importance of a more differentiated approach to bottom-up initiatives (including those not yet implemented) in urban planning and urban studies, recognizing their struggles for implementation, and the potentials and hurdles that social learning processes can provide therein. To support this differentiated approach, a micro-level application of Turning Points and Critical Junctures is shown to provide a useful lens, especially when considered in conjunction.

本文通过将转折点和关键节点的概念应用于小规模自下而上计划的实施前生命周期，研究社会学习如何促进变革。它建议将具有相对较小直接影响的转折点和具有更大、更明显和更直接影响的关键时刻视为此类举措的实施前生命周期及其承受和行动能力的关键走向实施。它展示了社会学习如何通过例如将挫折转化为怨恨，从而激发耐力并最终实施，从而促成转折点、险些失误和关键时刻；或者通过允许长期忍耐使最初被拒绝的可能性变得可以接受。新出现的转折点，未遂事件和关键时刻都对耐力和实施动态发挥相关作用。这些发现强调了在城市规划和城市研究中对自下而上的举措（包括尚未实施的举措）采取更加差异化的方法的重要性，认识到它们在实施方面的努力，以及社会学习过程可以在其中提供的潜力和障碍。为了支持这种差异化的方法，转折点和关键节点的微观应用被证明提供了一个有用的镜头，尤其是在结合考虑时。认识到他们在实施方面的努力，以及社会学习过程可以在其中提供的潜力和障碍。为了支持这种差异化的方法，转折点和关键节点的微观应用被证明提供了一个有用的镜头，尤其是在结合考虑时。认识到他们在实施方面的努力，以及社会学习过程可以在其中提供的潜力和障碍。为了支持这种差异化的方法，转折点和关键节点的微观应用被证明提供了一个有用的镜头，尤其是在结合考虑时。