Global value chain (GVC) participation has transformed many lines of business. The benefits it provides in terms of greater specialization and technology diffusion, however, do not spread identically across countries and industries. This paper shows that taking into account the functional specialization helps to explain how the benefits of GVC participation are distributed. Using data for 35 industries in 40 countries in 2000-2011, we estimate the impact of GVC participation on value added within a production function framework. The results indicate that there is heterogeneity in the effects of GVC participation, according to the functional specialization of the respective industry and its GVC partners. Participating in R&D-related GVCs is especially profitable for fabrication-oriented industries and low-developed countries. It follows that any GVC participation analysis will be incomplete if it fails to take the functional specialization of the GVC participants into consideration.

全球价值链 (GVC) 的参与已经改变了许多业务线。然而，它在更大程度的专业化和技术传播方面提供的好处在不同国家和行业之间的分布并不相同。本文表明，考虑功能专业化有助于解释参与全球价值链的收益是如何分配的。使用 2000-2011 年 40 个国家 35 个行业的数据，我们估计了全球价值链参与对生产函数框架内增加值的影响。结果表明，根据各个行业及其全球价值链合作伙伴的功能专业化，全球价值链参与的影响存在异质性。参与研发相关的全球价值链对于制造业和低发达国家来说尤其有利可图。