Background: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is the purest form of cellulose as it is free from pectin, lignin, hemicellulose and other active constituents associated with cellulose derived from plant sources. High biocompatibility and easy molding into the desired shape make BC an ideal candidate for applications in the biomedical fields, such as tissue engineering, wound healing and bone regeneration. In addition to this, BC has been widely studied for applications in the delivery of proteins and drugs in various forms via different routes. However, BC lacks therapeutic properties and resistance to the free movement of small molecules, i.e., gases and solvents. Therefore, modification of BC is required to meet the research ad market demand.

Methods: We have searched the updated data relevant to as-synthesized and modified BC, properties and applications in various fields using Web of Science, Science direct, Google and PubMed.

Results: As-synthesized BC possesses properties such as high crystallinity, well organized fibrous network, higher degree of polymerization, and ability of being produced in swollen form. The large surface area with an abundance of free accessible hydroxyl groups makes BC an ideal candidate for carrying out surface functionalization to enhance its features. The various reported surface modification techniques including, but not limited to, are amination, methylation and acetylation.

Conclusion: In this review, we have highlighted various approaches made for BC surface modification. We have also reported enhancement in the properties of modified BC and potential applications in different fields ranging from biomedical science to drug delivery and paper-making to various electronic devices.

背景：细菌纤维素 (BC) 是最纯净的纤维素形式，因为它不含果胶、木质素、半纤维素和其他与植物来源纤维素相关的活性成分。高生物相容性和易于成型为所需形状使 BC 成为生物医学领域应用的理想候选者，例如组织工程、伤口愈合和骨再生。除此之外，BC 已被广泛研究用于通过不同途径以各种形式递送蛋白质和药物的应用。然而，BC 缺乏治疗特性和对小分子（即气体和溶剂）自由运动的抵抗力。因此，需要对 BC 进行修改以满足研究广告市场的需求。

方法：我们使用 Web of Science、Science direct、Google 和 PubMed 搜索了与合成和修改后的 BC、特性和各个领域的应用相关的更新数据。

结果：合成后的 BC 具有结晶度高、纤维网络组织良好、聚合度高、能够以溶胀形式生产等特性。具有大量自由可及羟基的大表面积使 BC 成为进行表面功能化以增强其特性的理想候选者。各种报道的表面改性技术包括但不限于胺化、甲基化和乙酰化。

结论：在这篇评论中，我们重点介绍了为 BC 表面改性所做的各种方法。我们还报告了改性 BC 性能的增强以及在从生物医学科学到药物输送和造纸到各种电子设备等不同领域的潜在应用。