Abstract

This article maps and investigates the practice of 1:1 modeling between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries to demonstrate its critical agency in emphasizing vision over proportional and mathematical tools of composition, in promoting innovative and interdisciplinary approaches, and in encouraging a general circulation of ideas, techniques, and forms between architecture, sculpture, and garden design. Generally applied to solve exceptional cruxes, full-size models were mostly developed by artists like Michelangelo Buonarroti and Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, who were both sculptors and architects and who helped create a specific operative tradition later also adopted in parallel fields, such as the picturesque garden design endorsed by the marquis de Girardin. While clients and public require denotative detailed mock-ups, rough full-size models can provide their creators with both visual control of the design development on-site, sometimes promoting a “direct forming” approach to architectural design, and heuristic explorations that may lead them to unpredictable solutions.

摘要

本文描绘并调查了 1:1 建模在 16 世纪和 18 世纪之间的实践，以展示其在强调构图的比例和数学工具的远见、促进创新和跨学科方法以及鼓励思想普遍流通方面的关键作用，建筑、雕塑和园林设计之间的技术和形式。通常用于解决特殊症结的全尺寸模型大多由米开朗基罗·博纳罗蒂 (Michelangelo Buonarroti) 和乔万·洛伦佐·贝尼尼 (Giovan Lorenzo Bernini) 等艺术家开发，他们既是雕塑家又是建筑师，他们帮助创造了特定的操作传统，后来也被用于平行领域，如风景如画的花园由 Marquis de Girardin 认可的设计。虽然客户和公众需要具有象征意义的详细模型，