ABSTRACT

Through the lens of racialized incorporation, this paper draws upon three decades of surveys and interviews to analyze the initial experiences of young adult Hmong migrants in the United States. The first part describes the aspirations and understandings of these young adults as adolescents (circa 1989–1994). Early in resettlement, they, like their parents, stressed education and mobility; however, in contrast to traditional assimilation theory and model minority stereotypes, their aspirations were oriented toward family, traditions, and ethnic identification. The second section (2002–2007) documents how they came to embrace a distinctive bicultural identity during the transition to adulthood even as they became increasingly aware of its tenuousness, the constraints of racism, and their own complicated place in American racial hierarchies. Focused on ethnic identity and the complexity of racialization, the Hmong case provides the foundation for theorizing varied patterns of incorporation and the value of multi-method, life-course approaches.

 抽象的

本文通过种族融合的视角，利用三十年的调查和访谈来分析美国年轻苗族移民的最初经历。第一部分描述了这些年轻人在青少年时期（大约 1989-1994 年）的愿望和理解。在搬迁初期，他们和他们的父母一样，强调教育和流动性；然而，与传统的同化理论和模范少数民族刻板印象相反，他们的愿望面向家庭、传统和种族认同。第二部分（2002-2007）记录了他们在向成年过渡期间如何接受独特的双文化身份，尽管他们越来越意识到这种身份的脆弱性、种族主义的限制以及他们自己在美国种族等级制度中的复杂地位。苗族案例关注民族认同和种族化的复杂性，为各种融合模式的理论化和多方法、生命历程方法的价值提供了基础。